Key changes:
- Updated: "54 2025 FORM 10-K 54 2025 FORM 10-K 54 2025 FORM 10-K DESCRIPTION OF OUR PLANSPlan CategoryParticipantsFundingCommentsPrincipal Pension PlansGE Aerospace Pension PlanCovers U.S."
- Updated: "Benefits for employees who became executives before 2011 were frozen effective January 1, 2021, and thereafter these employees accrue the installment benefit.Other Pension Plans(a)6 U.S."
- Updated: "GE Aerospace participants: ~40,000 retirees and dependents and ~10,000 active employeesWe fund retiree benefit plans on a pay-as-you-go basis and the retiree benefit insurance trust at our discretion.Participants share in the cost of the healthcare benefits."
- Updated: "No contributions were required or made for the GE Aerospace Pension Plan during 2025 and based on our current assumptions, we do not anticipate having to make additional required contributions in the near future."
- Updated: "In 2026, we expect to make payments of approximately $220 million for our GE Aerospace Supplementary Pension Plan benefits and remaining principal pension plans administrative costs."
Current (2026):
PENSION BENEFITS AND RETIREE HEALTH AND LIFE BENEFITS. We sponsor a number of pension and retiree health and life insurance benefit plans that we present in three categories, principal pension plans, other pension plans and principal retiree benefit plans. Smaller pension plans…
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PENSION BENEFITS AND RETIREE HEALTH AND LIFE BENEFITS. We sponsor a number of pension and retiree health and life insurance benefit plans that we present in three categories, principal pension plans, other pension plans and principal retiree benefit plans. Smaller pension plans with pension assets or obligations that have not reached $50 million and other retiree benefit plans are not presented. Effective January 1, 2023, certain postretirement benefit plans and liabilities were legally split or allocated between GE HealthCare, GE Vernova and GE Aerospace. In connection with the separations, net liabilities associated with GE's postretirement benefit plans, including a portion of the principal pension plans, other pension plans and the principal retiree benefit plans, were transferred to GE HealthCare and GE Vernova and are now reported in discontinued operations. See Note 2 for more information regarding the separations. The amounts that remain with GE Aerospace following the separations are shown as continuing operations in the aggregate rather than for each remaining split plan. Assumptions used in calculations, estimates of future benefit payments and funding, and other forward looking statements are for continuing operations unless otherwise noted. 54 2025 FORM 10-K 54 2025 FORM 10-K 54 2025 FORM 10-K DESCRIPTION OF OUR PLANSPlan CategoryParticipantsFundingCommentsPrincipal Pension PlansGE Aerospace Pension PlanCovers U.S. GE Aerospace participants: ~79,000 retirees and beneficiaries, ~33,000 vested former employees and ~9,000 active employeesOur funding policy is to contribute amounts sufficient to meet minimum funding requirements under employee benefit and tax laws. We may decide to contribute additional amounts beyond this level.Closed to new participants since 2012. Benefits for employees with salaried benefits were frozen effective January 1, 2021, and thereafter these employees receive increased company contributions in the company sponsored defined contribution plan in lieu of participation in a defined benefit plan (announced October 2019). GE Aerospace Supplementary Pension PlanProvides supplementary benefits to higher-level, longer-service U.S. employeesUnfunded. We pay benefits on a pay-as-you-go basis from company cash.The annuity benefit has been closed to new participants since 2011 and has been replaced by an installment benefit (which was closed to new executives after 2020). Benefits for employees who became executives before 2011 were frozen effective January 1, 2021, and thereafter these employees accrue the installment benefit.Other Pension Plans(a)6 U.S. and non-U.S. pension plans with pension assets or obligations that have reached $50 millionCovers ~11,100 retirees and beneficiaries, ~10,300 vested former employees and ~800 active employeesOur funding policy is to contribute amounts sufficient to meet minimum funding requirements under employee benefit and tax laws in each country. We may decide to contribute additional amounts beyond this level. We pay benefits for some plans from company cash. In certain countries, benefit accruals have ceased and/or have been closed to new hires as of various dates.Principal Retiree Benefit PlansProvides health and life insurance benefits to certain eligible participantsCovers U.S. GE Aerospace participants: ~40,000 retirees and dependents and ~10,000 active employeesWe fund retiree benefit plans on a pay-as-you-go basis and the retiree benefit insurance trust at our discretion.Participants share in the cost of the healthcare benefits. Covers U.S. GE Aerospace participants: ~79,000 retirees and beneficiaries, ~33,000 vested former employees and ~9,000 active employees Other Pension Plans(a) 6 U.S. and non-U.S. pension plans with pension assets or obligations that have reached $50 million Covers ~11,100 retirees and beneficiaries, ~10,300 vested former employees and ~800 active employees Covers U.S. GE Aerospace participants: ~40,000 retirees and dependents and ~10,000 active employees (a) Plans for GE Aerospace that reach $50 million are not removed from the presentation unless part of a disposition or plan termination. FUNDING STATUS BY PLAN TYPEBenefit ObligationFair Value of AssetsDeficit/(Surplus)202520242025202420252024Principal Pension Plans:GE Aerospace Pension Plan (subject to regulatory funding)$21,053 $21,010 $19,216 $19,020 $1,837 $1,990 GE Aerospace Supplementary Pension Plan2,872 2,814 — — 2,872 2,814 23,925 23,824 19,216 19,020 4,709 4,804 Other Pension Plans:Subject to regulatory funding3,027 2,736 3,831 3,592 (804)(856)Not subject to regulatory funding397 404 — — 397 404 Principal retiree benefit plans for GE Aerospace (not subject to regulatory funding)1,135 1,202 5 6 1,130 1,196 Total plans subject to regulatory funding24,080 23,746 23,047 22,612 1,033 1,134 Total plans not subject to regulatory funding4,404 4,420 5 6 4,399 4,414 Total plans 28,484 28,166 23,052 22,618 5,432 5,548 FUNDING. The Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) determines minimum funding requirements in the U.S. No contributions were required or made for the GE Aerospace Pension Plan during 2025 and based on our current assumptions, we do not anticipate having to make additional required contributions in the near future. For 2025, the GE Aerospace Pension Plan U.S. GAAP funded status is 91%. In 2026, we expect to make payments of approximately $220 million for our GE Aerospace Supplementary Pension Plan benefits and remaining principal pension plans administrative costs. We also expect to contribute approximately $40 million to other pension plans in 2026. We fund retiree benefit plans on a pay-as-you-go basis and the retiree benefit insurance trust at our discretion. We expect to contribute approximately $115 million to fund such benefits in 2026. 2025 FORM 10-K 55 2025 FORM 10-K 55 2025 FORM 10-K 55 COST OF OUR BENEFITS PLANS AND ASSUMPTIONS202520242023Principal pension Other pension Principal retiree benefit Principal pension Other pension Principal retiree benefit Principal pension Other pension Principal retiree benefit Components of expense (income)Service cost - operating$59 $2 $13 $71 $22 $13 $94 $37 $17 Interest cost1,301 173 62 1,401 227 71 1,892 422 111 Expected return on plan assets(1,500)(207)— (1,751)(310)— (2,376)(587)— Amortization of net loss (gain)(506)30 (60)(468)41 (82)(723)20 (124)Amortization of prior service cost (credit)(9)— (81)6 (1)(103)5 (4)(148)Curtailment / settlement loss (gain)— — — — — (6)— Non-operating$(714)$(4)$(79)$(812)$(43)$(114)$(1,202)$(155)$(161)Net periodic expense (income)$(655)$(2)$(66)$(741)$(21)$(101)$(1,108)$(118)$(144)Less: discontinued operations— — — (88)(12)(15)(377)(78)(57)Continuing operations - net periodic expense (income)$(655)$(2)$(66)$(653)$(9)$(86)$(731)$(40)$(87)Weighted-average benefit obligations assumptionsDiscount rate5.38 %5.44 %5.10 %5.67 %5.48 %5.51 %5.18 %3.93 %5.09 %Compensation increases4.50 2.96 4.03 6.00 3.10 6.00 3.86 2.24 3.25 Initial healthcare trend rate(a)N/AN/A7.40 N/AN/A7.00 N/AN/A6.50 Weighted-average benefit cost assumptionsDiscount rate5.67 5.48 5.51 5.18 3.93 5.09 5.53 4.59 5.43 Expected rate of return on plan assets7.00 5.76 — 7.00 5.34 — 7.00 5.66 — (a) Current forecast is 7.4%, but is estimated to decline to 5% for 2034 and thereafter. Net periodic benefit income from continuing operations in 2026 is estimated to be approximately $655 million, which is a decrease of approximately $70 million as compared to 2025. The decrease is primarily due to investment performance offset by the impact of discount rates. The components of net periodic benefit costs, other than the service cost component, are included in Non-operating benefit cost (income) in our Statement of Operations. 56 2025 FORM 10-K 56 2025 FORM 10-K 56 2025 FORM 10-K PLAN FUNDED STATUS AND AMOUNTS RECORDED IN ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (INCOME)20252024Principal pension Other pension Principal retiree benefit Principal pension Other pension Principal retiree benefit Change in benefit obligationsBalance at January 1$23,824 $3,140 $1,202 $36,217 $10,377 $2,055 Service cost59 2 13 71 22 13 Interest cost1,301 173 62 1,401 227 71 Participant contributions7 — 18 8 4 21 Plan amendments36 135 (5)— — — Actuarial loss (gain) - net (a)472 (4)(12)(1,049)(435)(15)Benefits paid(1,774)(185)(143)(1,957)(305)(192)Dispositions/acquisitions/other - net— (24)— (10,867)(6,548)(751)Exchange rate adjustments— 187 — — (202)— Balance at December 31$23,925 (b)$3,424 $1,135 (c)$23,824 $3,140 $1,202 Change in plan assetsBalance at January 1$19,020 $3,592 $6 $29,744 $10,764 $8 Actual return on plan assets1,751 131 (1)440 (109)— Employer contributions212 41 125 216 60 169 Participant contributions7 — 18 8 4 21 Benefits paid(1,774)(185)(143)(1,957)(305)(192)Dispositions/acquisitions/other - net— 3 — (9,431)(6,611)— Exchange rate adjustments— 249 — — (211)— Balance at December 31$19,216 $3,831 $5 $19,020 $3,592 $6 Funded status - surplus (deficit)$(4,709)$407 $(1,130)$(4,804)$452 $(1,196)Amounts recorded inStatement of Financial PositionContinuing operations:Non-current assets - other$— $822 $— $— $876 $— Current liabilities - other(211)(31)(112)(199)(34)(118)Non-current liabilities - compensation and benefits (4,498)(384)(1,018)(4,605)(390)(1,078)Net amount recorded$(4,709)$407 $(1,130)$(4,804)$452 $(1,196)Amounts recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss (income)Prior service cost (credit)$5 $148 $(379)$(40)$9 $(455)Net loss (gain)197 900(510)(530)803 (559)Total recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss (income)$202 $1,048 $(889)$(570)$812 $(1,014) (a)Principally due to impact of discount rates. (b)The benefit obligation for the GE Aerospace Supplementary Pension Plan, which is unfunded, was $2,872 million at December 31, 2025. (c)The benefit obligation for retiree health plans for GE Aerospace was $660 million at December 31, 2025. ASSUMPTIONS USED IN CALCULATIONS. Our defined benefit pension plans are accounted for on an actuarial basis, which requires the selection of various assumptions, including a discount rate, a compensation assumption, an expected return on assets, mortality rates of participants and expectation of mortality improvement. Projected benefit obligations are measured as the present value of expected benefit payments. We discount those cash payments using a discount rate. We determine the discount rate using the weighted-average yields on high-quality fixed-income securities with maturities that correspond to the payment of benefits. Lower discount rates increase present values and generally increase subsequent-year pension expense; higher discount rates decrease present values and generally reduce subsequent-year pension expense. The compensation assumption is used to estimate the annual rate at which pay of plan participants will grow. If the rate of growth assumed increases, the size of the pension obligations will increase, as will the amount recorded in AOCI in our Statement of Financial Position and amortized into net income in subsequent periods. 2025 FORM 10-K 57 2025 FORM 10-K 57 2025 FORM 10-K 57 The expected return on plan assets is the estimated long-term rate of return that will be earned on the investments used to fund the benefit obligations. To determine the expected long-term rate of return on pension plan assets, we consider our asset allocation as well as historical and expected returns on various categories of plan assets. In developing future long-term return expectations for our principal benefit plans’ assets, we formulate views on the future economic environment, both in the U.S. and abroad. We evaluate general market trends and historical relationships among a number of key variables that impact asset class returns such as expected net income growth, inflation, valuations, yields and spreads, using both internal and external sources. We also take into account expected volatility by asset class and diversification across classes to determine expected overall portfolio results given our asset allocation. Based on our analysis, we have assumed a 7.00% long-term expected return on the GE Aerospace Pension Plan assets for cost recognition in 2025 and 2024. The healthcare trend assumptions primarily apply to our pre-65 retiree medical plans. Most participants in our post-65 retiree plan have a fixed subsidy and therefore are not subject to healthcare inflation. We evaluate these critical assumptions at least annually on a plan and country-specific basis. We periodically evaluate other assumptions involving demographics factors such as retirement age and turnover, and update them to reflect our actual experience and expectations for the future. Actual results in any given year will often differ from actuarial assumptions because of economic and other factors. Differences between our actual results and what we assumed are recorded in AOCI each period. These differences are amortized into net income over the remaining average future service of active participating employees or the expected life of inactive participants, as applicable. For the principal pension plans, gains and losses are amortized using a straight-line method with a separate layer for each year’s gains and losses. For most other pension plans and principal retiree benefit plans, gains and losses are amortized using a straight-line or a corridor amortization method. SENSITIVITIES TO KEY ASSUMPTIONS. Fluctuations in discount rates can significantly impact pension cost and obligations. We would expect that a 25 basis point decrease in discount rate would increase our GE Aerospace principal pension plan cost in the following year by approximately $45 million and would also expect an increase in the GE Aerospace principal pension plan projected benefit obligation at year-end by approximately $570 million. The deficit sensitivity to the discount rate would be lower than the projected benefit obligation sensitivity as a result of the liability hedging program incorporated in the asset allocation. A 25 basis point decrease in the expected return on assets would increase GE Aerospace principal pension plan cost in the following year by approximately $50 million. PLAN ASSETS. The fair value of our pension plans' investments are presented below. The inputs and valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of these assets are described in Note 1 and have been applied consistently. The fair value of our pension plans' investments are presented below. The inputs and valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of these assets are described in Note 1 and have been applied consistently. Level 1Level 2Level 3Assets measured at NAVTotal2025202420252024202520242025202420252024Asset CategoryGlobal equity$1,200 $1,156 $230 $203 $2,410 $1,912 $3,840 $3,271 Fixed income and cash investment funds952 1,299 1,617 1,448 2,569 2,747 U.S. corporate(a)2,496 3,125 2,496 3,125 Other debt securities(b)2,957 3,152 2,263 1,851 5,220 5,003 Real estate449 541 934 995 1,383 1,536 Private equities and other investments246 312 7,079 6,385 7,325 6,697 Derivatives, net(c)(67)(139)12 20 (55)(119)Cash284 297 Payables(400)(440)Receivables385 495 $2,085 $2,316 $7,312 $7,948 $695 $853 $12,686 $11,143 $23,047 $22,612 (a)Primarily represented investment-grade bonds of U.S. issuers from diverse industries. (b)Primarily represented in the Level 2 investments are residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, non-U.S. corporate and government bonds and U.S. government, federal agency, state and municipal debt. (c)Derivatives include derivative assets with a fair value of $51 million and $37 million and derivative liabilities with a fair value of $106 million and $156 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Derivative instruments may include exchange-traded futures contracts, interest rate swaps, options on futures and swaps, currency contracts and credit default swaps. 58 2025 FORM 10-K 58 2025 FORM 10-K 58 2025 FORM 10-K Included in Level 1 are Principal Pension Plans investments with a fair value of $2,061 million and $2,288 million, as well as Other Pension Plan of $24 million and $28 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Included in Level 2 are Principal Pension Plans investments with a fair value of $5,300 million and $6,235 million, as well as Other Pension Plan of $2,012 million and $1,713 million of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Included in Level 3 are Principal Pension Plans investments with a fair value of $687 million and $844 million, as well as Other Pension Plan of $8 million and $9 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Included in Assets measured at net asset value are Principal Pension Plans investments with a fair value of $11,039 million and $9,435, as well as Other Pension Plan of $1,647 million and $1,708 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Included in cash, payables, and receivables are Principal Pension Plans assets of $129 million and $218 million, as well as Other Pension Plan of $140 million and $134 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Principal retiree benefit assets had a fair value of $5 million and $6 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. There were no Level 3 principal retiree benefit plan investments held in 2025 and 2024. ASSET ALLOCATION OF PENSION PLANS2025 Target allocation2025 Actual allocationPrincipal PensionOther Pension (weighted average)Principal PensionOther Pension (weighted average)Global equities10.0 - 30.0%14 %18 %12 %Debt securities (including cash equivalents)19.0 - 87.565 41 65 Real estate1.0 - 10.06 6 7 Private equities & other investments12.0 - 44.015 35 16 10.0 - 30.0 19.0 - 87.5 1.0 - 10.0 12.0 - 44.0 Plan fiduciaries set investment policies and strategies for the principal pension plans and oversee their investment allocation, which includes selecting investment managers and setting long-term strategic targets. The plan fiduciaries' primary strategic investment objectives are balancing investment risk and return and monitoring the plan’s liquidity position in order to meet near-term benefit payment and other cash needs. The plan has incorporated de-risking objectives and liability hedging programs as part of its long-term investment strategy and utilizes a combination of long-dated corporate bonds, treasuries, strips and derivatives to implement its investment strategies as well as for hedging asset and liability risks. Target allocation percentages are established at an asset class level by plan fiduciaries. Target allocation ranges are guidelines, not limitations, and occasionally plan fiduciaries will approve allocations above or below a target range. GE Aerospace securities represented 1.4% and 0.8% of the Principal Pension Plans' assets at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. EXPECTED FUTURE BENEFIT PAYMENTS OF OUR BENEFIT PLANS(a)Principal pensionOther pensionPrincipal retiree benefit2026$1,815 $190 $120 20271,820 190 115 20281,825 200 115 20291,825 205 110 20301,820 210 110 2031-20358,825 1,115 465 (a) As of the measurement date of December 31, 2025. DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLAN. We have a defined contribution plan for eligible U.S. employees that provides employer contributions which were $264 million, $265 million and $342 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Employer contributions for continuing operations were $264 million, $230 million and $213 million for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. 2025 FORM 10-K 59 2025 FORM 10-K 59 2025 FORM 10-K 59 COST OF POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS AND CHANGES IN OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOMEFor the years ended December 31202520242023(Pre-tax)Principal pension Other pension Principal retiree benefit Principal pension Other pension Principal retiree benefit Principal pension Other pension Principal retiree benefit Cost (income) of postretirement benefit plans$(655)$(2)$(66)$(741)$(21)$(101)$(1,108)$(118)$(144)Changes in other comprehensive loss (income)Prior service cost (credit) - current year36 135 (5)— — — 49 — — Net loss (gain) - current year (a)221 132 (11)262 (52)(15)1,588 721 (5)Reclassifications out of AOCICurtailment/settlement gain (loss)— — — — — — — 6 — Dispositions— — — 185 (761)715 1,989 (792)1,216 Amortization of net gain (loss)506 (30)60 468 (41)82 723 (20)124 Amortization of prior service credit (cost)9 — 81 (6)1 103 (5)4 148 Total changes in other comprehensive loss (income)772 237 125 909 (853)885 4,344 (81)1,483 Cost (income) of postretirement benefit plans and changes in other comprehensive loss (income)$117 $235 $59 $168 $(874)$784 $3,236 $(199)$1,339 (a) Primarily due to impact of discount rates and investment performance. NOTE 14. SALES DISCOUNTS AND ALLOWANCES & ALL OTHER LIABILITIES. Sales discounts and allowances increased by $562 million in the year ended December 31, 2025, primarily due to accruals on product reserves and spare part discounts outpacing payments to airline customers in Commercial Engines & Services. Sales discounts and allowances increased by $562 million in the year ended December 31, 2025, primarily due to accruals on product reserves and spare part discounts outpacing payments to airline customers in Commercial Engines & Services. All other current liabilities and All other liabilities primarily includes employee compensation and benefits, equipment project and commercial liabilities, uncertain and other income taxes and related liabilities, environmental, health and safety remediations and operating lease liabilities (see Note 6). All other current liabilities increased by $265 million in the year ended December 31, 2025, primarily related to an increase in employee compensation and benefits of $331 million. All other liabilities increased $901 million in the year ended December 31, 2025, primarily due to an increase in uncertain and other income taxes and related liabilities of $696 million, an increase in equipment projects and other commercial liabilities of $120 million and an increase in environmental, health and safety liabilities of $101 million. NOTE 15. INCOME TAXES. GE Aerospace files a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return which enables the company to use tax deductions and credits of one member of the group to reduce the tax that otherwise would have been payable by another member of the group. The effective tax rate reflects the benefit of these tax reductions in the consolidated return. Cash payments are made within the company for tax increases or reductions. . GE Aerospace files a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return which enables the company to use tax deductions and credits of one member of the group to reduce the tax that otherwise would have been payable by another member of the group. The effective tax rate reflects the benefit of these tax reductions in the consolidated return. Cash payments are made within the company for tax increases or reductions . Our businesses are subject to a wide variety of U.S. federal, state and foreign tax laws, regulations and policies. Changes to these laws or regulations may affect our tax liability, return on investments and business operations. On July 4, 2025, the reconciliation bill, commonly referred to as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA), was signed into law in the U.S., which includes a broad range of tax reform provisions. Beginning in 2025, the OBBBA provides an elective deduction for domestic research and development expenses, a reinstatement of elective 100% first-year bonus depreciation and repeal of non-U.S. corporations' fiscal year end. Some impacts of the OBBBA will not be realized until 2026 and forward, such as a more favorable tax rate on Foreign-Derived Deduction Eligible Income and income from non-U.S. subsidiaries (Net CFC Tested Income). In 2025, we incurred $131 million of tax expense in connection with OBBBA. Due to the nature of the tax law changes, the company has not realized an impact in the Statement of Operations related to deferred taxes. We will continue to monitor the impact of the OBBBA and the range of potential outcomes, which will depend on our facts in each year and anticipated guidance from the U.S. Department of the Treasury. As members of the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) over 140 countries have agreed in principle to a global minimum tax of 15% of reported profits (Pillar 2). The OECD have published model rules on Pillar 2. Many countries have now incorporated Pillar 2 model rule concepts into their domestic laws. Although the model rules provide a framework for applying the minimum tax, countries may enact Pillar 2 slightly differently than the model rules and on different timelines and may adjust domestic tax incentives in response to Pillar 2. In January 2025, the U.S. issued an executive order announcing opposition to aspects of these rules. In June 2025, the G7 countries agreed that U.S. Multi-National Entities (MNEs) should be excluded from certain aspects of the Pillar 2 global minimum tax rules (the G7 Statement) in exchange for the U.S. not imposing retaliatory taxes. On January 5, 2026, the OECD/G20 announced the Side-by-Side (SbS) package, implemented as administrative guidance and modifying the operation of Pillar 2 rules. The package introduces simplifications and new safe harbors for U.S. and other multinational companies where domestic and international tax systems meet robust requirements to coexist with Pillar 2 which would fully exempt U.S.-parented groups from the application of two of the three Pillar 2 top up taxes. The SbS package also extends the current Transitional Country-by-Country Reporting (CbCR) Safe Harbor by one year, through the end of fiscal year of 2027. We continue to refine the effective tax rate and cash tax impact for Pillar 2 in light of legislative changes in multiple countries. During 2025, we have incurred $129 million of tax expenses in connection with the incorporation of the Pillar 2 model rules, which we have considered as part of the effective tax rate. 60 2025 FORM 10-K 60 2025 FORM 10-K 60 2025 FORM 10-K INCOME (LOSS) FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS BEFORE INCOME TAXES202520242023U.S. income (loss)$6,659 $4,809 $7,195 Non-U.S. income (loss)3,341 2,811 3,246 Total$10,000 $7,620 $10,441 INCOME TAX PAYMENTS2025U.S. Federal(a)$150 U.S. State(a)7 Non-U.S: Singapore178 United Kingdom78 Ireland60 Hungary52 Italy46 India36 Other Non-U.S.132Total income taxes paid (received), continuing operations$739 (a) Includes the benefit of the OBBBA. For the year ended December 31, 2025, income taxes paid (received) in discontinued operations was $(154) million. Income taxes paid were $852 million and $994 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, including payments reported in discontinued operations. PROVISION (BENEFIT) FOR INCOME TAXES202520242023CurrentU.S. Federal$671 $310 $(588)Non-U.S.709 423 314 U.S. State(72)48 134 DeferredU.S. Federal(35)250 622 Non-U.S.32 59 453 U.S. State100 (128)59 Total$1,405 $962 $994 RECONCILIATION OF U.S. FEDERAL STATUTORY INCOME TAX RATE TO EFFECTIVE INCOME TAX RATE2025AmountRateU.S. federal statutory income tax rate$2,100 21.0 %State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax effect(a)74 0.7 %Foreign tax effects: Singapore Statutory rate difference between foreign and U.S.(70)(0.7)% Local taxes at a rate different than the statutory rate(b) (37)(0.4)% Other 53 0.5 % Other foreign jurisdictions68 0.7 %Effect of cross-border tax laws Foreign-derived intangible income(338)(3.4)% Other7 0.1 %Tax credits Energy-related tax credits(213)(2.1)% R&D credit(354)(3.5)%Change in valuation allowances(91)(0.9)%Nontaxable or nondeductible items(54)(0.5)%Changes in unrecognized tax benefits258 2.6 %Other adjustments2 — %Effective income tax rate$1,405 14.1 % (a) State and local taxes in FL, MA, KS, TN and CA comprise the majority of this category. (b) The tax expense (benefit) related to the negotiated tax rate in Singapore was reduced by $121 million of the global minimum tax under Pillar 2. 2025 FORM 10-K 61 2025 FORM 10-K 61 2025 FORM 10-K 61 Below is a tabular rate reconciliation previously disclosed for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. RECONCILIATION OF U.S. FEDERAL STATUTORY INCOME TAX RATE TO EFFECTIVE INCOME TAX RATE20242023AmountRateAmountRateU.S. federal statutory income tax rate$1,600 21.0 %$2,193 21.0 %State Taxes, net of federal benefit123 1.6 152 1.5 Tax on global activities including exports(a)(92)(1.2)78 0.7 U.S. business credits(b)(242)(3.2)(254)(2.4)Retained and sold ownership interests(110)(1.4)(1,215)(11.6)All other – net(c)(317)(4.2)40 0.3 (638)(8.4)(1,199)(11.5)Effective income tax rate$962 12.6 %$994 9.5 % (a)For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the tax expense (benefit) related to the negotiated tax rate in Singapore was $(136) million and $(136) million, respectively, and the tax expense (benefit) related to cross-border tax payments and U.S. tax on non-U.S. subsidiaries was $88 million and $121 million, respectively. (b)Primarily the credit for energy produced from renewable sources from tax equity investments and the credit for research performed in the U.S. (c)For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, included $(246) million and $35 million, respectively, for separation income tax costs (benefits), of which zero and $38 million was due to the repatriation of previously reinvested net income. UNRECOGNIZED TAX POSITIONS. Annually, we file over 500 income tax returns in over 200 global taxing jurisdictions. As a multinational with operations around the world, we are under examination in many taxing jurisdictions and in some cases engaged in litigation, including our legacy businesses. The IRS is currently auditing our consolidated U.S. income tax returns for 2016-2020. A summary and reconciliation of our unrecognized tax benefits are as follows: UNRECOGNIZED TAX BENEFITS December 31202520242023Unrecognized tax benefits$3,056 $2,824 $3,399 Portion that, if recognized, would reduce tax expense and effective tax rate(a)2,381 2,110 2,708 Accrued interest on unrecognized tax benefits656 609 635 Accrued penalties on unrecognized tax benefits11 14 111
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PENSION BENEFITS AND RETIREE HEALTH AND LIFE BENEFITS. We sponsor a number of pension and retiree health and life insurance benefit plans that we present in three categories, principal pension plans, other pension plans and principal retiree benefit plans. Smaller pension plans with pension assets or obligations that have not reached $50 million and other retiree benefit plans are not presented. Effective January 1, 2023, certain postretirement benefit plans and liabilities were legally split or allocated between GE HealthCare, GE Vernova and GE Aerospace. In connection with the separations, net liabilities associated with GE's postretirement benefit plans, including a portion of the principal pension plans, other pension plans and the principal retiree benefit plans, were transferred to GE HealthCare and GE Vernova and are now reported in discontinued operations. See Note 2 for more information regarding the separations. The amounts that remain with GE Aerospace following the separations are shown as continuing operations in the aggregate rather than for each remaining split plan. Assumptions used in calculations, estimates of future benefit payments and funding, and other forward looking statements are for continuing operations unless otherwise noted. 2024 FORM 10-K 57 2024 FORM 10-K 57 2024 FORM 10-K 57 DESCRIPTION OF OUR PLANSPlan CategoryParticipantsFundingCommentsPrincipal Pension PlansGE Aerospace Pension PlanCovers U.S. GE Aerospace participants: ~79,000 retirees and beneficiaries, ~34,000 vested former employees and ~9,000 active employeesOur funding policy is to contribute amounts sufficient to meet minimum funding requirements under employee benefit and tax laws. We may decide to contribute additional amounts beyond this level.Closed to new participants since 2012. Benefits for employees with salaried benefits were frozen effective January 1, 2021, and thereafter these employees receive increased company contributions in the company sponsored defined contribution plan in lieu of participation in a defined benefit plan (announced October 2019). GE Aerospace Supplementary Pension PlanProvides supplementary benefits to higher-level, longer-service U.S. employeesUnfunded. We pay benefits on a pay-as-you-go basis from company cash.The annuity benefit has been closed to new participants since 2011 and has been replaced by an installment benefit (which was closed to new executives after 2020). Benefits for employees who became executives before 2011 were frozen effective January 1, 2021, and thereafter these employees accrue the installment benefit.Other Pension Plans(a)9 U.S. and non-U.S. pension plans with pension assets or obligations that have reached $50 millionCovers ~10,500 retirees and beneficiaries, ~10,300 vested former employees and ~600 active employeesOur funding policy is to contribute amounts sufficient to meet minimum funding requirements under employee benefit and tax laws in each country. We may decide to contribute additional amounts beyond this level. We pay benefits for some plans from company cash. In certain countries, benefit accruals have ceased and/or have been closed to new hires as of various dates.Principal Retiree Benefit PlansProvides health and life insurance benefits to certain eligible participantsCovers U.S. GE Aerospace participants: ~45,800 retirees and dependents and ~10,000 active employeesWe fund retiree benefit plans on a pay-as-you-go basis and the retiree benefit insurance trust at our discretion.Participants share in the cost of the healthcare benefits. Covers U.S. GE Aerospace participants: ~79,000 retirees and beneficiaries, ~34,000 vested former employees and ~9,000 active employees Other Pension Plans(a) 9 U.S. and non-U.S. pension plans with pension assets or obligations that have reached $50 million Covers ~10,500 retirees and beneficiaries, ~10,300 vested former employees and ~600 active employees Covers U.S. GE Aerospace participants: ~45,800 retirees and dependents and ~10,000 active employees (a) Plans for GE Aerospace that reach $50 million are not removed from the presentation unless part of a disposition or plan termination. FUNDING STATUS BY PLAN TYPEBenefit ObligationFair Value of AssetsDeficit/(Surplus)202420232024202320242023Principal Pension Plans:GE Aerospace Pension Plan (subject to regulatory funding)$21,010 $22,437 $19,020 $20,253 $1,990 $2,184 GE Aerospace Supplementary Pension Plan2,814 3,000 — — 2,814 3,000 23,824 25,437 19,020 20,253 4,804 5,184 Other Pension Plans:Subject to regulatory funding2,736 3,225 3,592 3,913 (856)(688)Not subject to regulatory funding404 440 — — 404 440 Principal retiree benefit plans for GE Aerospace1,202 1,289 6 8 1,196 1,281 Total plans subject to regulatory funding23,746 25,662 22,612 24,166 1,134 1,496 Total plans not subject to regulatory funding4,420 4,729 6 8 4,414 4,721 Total plans 28,166 30,391 22,618 24,174 5,548 6,217 Due to the spin-off of Vernova on April 2, 2024, as discussed in Note 1, we have excluded 2023 GE Vernova benefit obligations of $18,258, assets of $16,342, and a deficit of $1,916 from the above funding status by plan type chart. FUNDING. The Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) determines minimum funding requirements in the U.S. No contributions were required or made for the GE Aerospace Pension Plan during 2024 and based on our current assumptions, we do not anticipate having to make additional required contributions in the near future. On an ERISA basis, our estimate for 2024 is that the GE Aerospace Pension Plan was 85% funded and the U.S. GAAP funded status is 91%. 58 2024 FORM 10-K 58 2024 FORM 10-K 58 2024 FORM 10-K In 2025, we expect to make payments of approximately $210 million for our GE Aerospace Supplementary Pension Plan benefits and remaining principal pension plans administrative costs. We also expect to contribute approximately $40 million to other pension plans in 2025. We fund retiree benefit plans on a pay-as-you-go basis and the retiree benefit insurance trust at our discretion. We expect to contribute approximately $120 million to fund such benefits in 2025. COST OF OUR BENEFITS PLANS AND ASSUMPTIONS202420232022Principal pension Other pension Principal retiree benefit Principal pension Other pension Principal retiree benefit Principal pension Other pension Principal retiree benefit Components of expense (income)Service cost - operating$71 $22 $13 $94 $37 $17 $221 $86 $39 Interest cost1,401 227 71 1,892 422 111 2,069 398 108 Expected return on plan assets(1,751)(310)— (2,376)(587)— (3,142)(967)— Amortization of net loss (gain)(468)41 (82)(723)20 (124)1,422 101 (115)Amortization of prior service cost (credit)6 (1)(103)5 (4)(148)5 (8)(235)Curtailment / settlement loss (gain)— — — (6)— — (6)— Non-operating$(812)$(43)$(114)$(1,202)$(155)$(161)$354 $(482)$(242)Net periodic expense (income)$(741)$(21)$(101)$(1,108)$(118)$(144)$575 $(396)$(203)Less: discontinued operations(88)(12)(15)(377)(78)(57)270 (320)(134)Continuing operations - net periodic expense (income)$(653)$(9)$(86)$(731)$(40)$(87)$305 $(76)$(69)Weighted-average benefit obligations assumptionsDiscount rate5.67 %5.48 %5.51 %5.18 %3.93 %5.09 %5.53 %4.59 %5.43 %Compensation increases6.00 3.10 6.00 3.86 2.24 3.25 3.07 2.44 3.12 Initial healthcare trend rate(a)N/AN/A7.00 N/AN/A6.50 N/AN/A6.40 Weighted-average benefit cost assumptionsDiscount rate5.18 3.93 5.09 5.53 4.59 5.43 2.94 1.93 2.64 Expected rate of return on plan assets7.00 5.34 — 7.00 5.66 — 6.00 4.80 — (a) Current forecast is 7%, but is estimated to decline to 5% for 2034 and thereafter. Net periodic benefit income from continuing operations in 2025 is estimated to be approximately $725 million, which is a decrease of approximately $25 million as compared to 2024. The decrease is primarily due to investment performance offset by the impact of discount rates. The components of net periodic benefit costs, other than the service cost component, are included in Non-operating benefit cost (income) in our Statement of Earnings (Loss). 2024 FORM 10-K 59 2024 FORM 10-K 59 2024 FORM 10-K 59 PLAN FUNDED STATUS AND AMOUNTS RECORDED IN ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (INCOME)20242023Principal pension Other pension Principal retiree benefit Principal pension Other pension Principal retiree benefit Change in benefit obligationsBalance at January 1$36,217 $10,377 $2,055 $53,591 $13,916 $3,304 Service cost71 22 13 94 37 17 Interest cost1,401 227 71 1,892 422 111 Participant contributions8 4 21 10 19 31 Plan amendments— — — 49 — — Actuarial loss (gain) - net(1,049)(a)(435)(a)(15)(a)1,081 (a)526 (a)(5)Benefits paid(1,957)(305)(192)(2,503)(618)(254)Dispositions/acquisitions/other - net(10,867)(6,548)(751)(17,997)(4,387)(1,149)Exchange rate adjustments— (202)— — 462 — Balance at December 31$23,824 (b)$3,140 $1,202 (c)$36,217 $10,377 $2,055 Change in plan assetsBalance at January 1$29,744 $10,764 $8 $44,993 $14,663 $10 Actual return on plan assets440 (109)— 1,869 442 — Employer contributions216 60 169 212 161 221 Participant contributions8 4 21 10 19 31 Benefits paid(1,957)(305)(192)(2,503)(618)(254)Dispositions/acquisitions/other - net(9,431)(6,611)— (14,837)(4,439)— Exchange rate adjustments— (211)— — 536 — Balance at December 31$19,020 $3,592 $6 $29,744 $10,764 $8 Funded status - surplus (deficit)$(4,804)$452 $(1,196)$(6,473)$387 $(2,047)Amounts recorded inStatement of Financial PositionContinuing operations:Non-current assets - other$— $876 $— $— $714 $— Current liabilities - other(199)(34)(118)(194)(35)(128)Non-current liabilities - compensation and benefits (4,605)(390)(1,078)(4,990)(431)(1,153)Discontinued operations:Non-current assets— — — — 775 — Current and non-current liabilities— — — (1,289)(636)(766)Net amount recorded$(4,804)$452 $(1,196)$(6,473)$387 $(2,047)Amounts recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss (income)Prior service cost (credit)$(40)$9 $(455)$(25)$(16)$(909)Net loss (gain)(530)803(559)(1,454)1,680 (990)Total recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss (income)$(570)$812 $(1,014)$(1,479)$1,664 $(1,899) (a)Principally due to impact of discount rates. (b)The benefit obligation for the GE Aerospace Supplementary Pension Plan, which is unfunded, was $2,814 million at December 31, 2024. (c)The benefit obligation for retiree health plans for GE Aerospace was $716 million at December 31, 2024. ASSUMPTIONS USED IN CALCULATIONS. Our defined benefit pension plans are accounted for on an actuarial basis, which requires the selection of various assumptions, including a discount rate, a compensation assumption, an expected return on assets, mortality rates of participants and expectation of mortality improvement. Projected benefit obligations are measured as the present value of expected benefit payments. We discount those cash payments using a discount rate. We determine the discount rate using the weighted-average yields on high-quality fixed-income securities with maturities that correspond to the payment of benefits. Lower discount rates increase present values and generally increase subsequent-year pension expense; higher discount rates decrease present values and generally reduce subsequent-year pension expense. The compensation assumption is used to estimate the annual rate at which pay of plan participants will grow. If the rate of growth assumed increases, the size of the pension obligations will increase, as will the amount recorded in AOCI in our Statement of Financial Position and amortized into earnings in subsequent periods. 60 2024 FORM 10-K 60 2024 FORM 10-K 60 2024 FORM 10-K The expected return on plan assets is the estimated long-term rate of return that will be earned on the investments used to fund the benefit obligations. To determine the expected long-term rate of return on pension plan assets, we consider our asset allocation as well as historical and expected returns on various categories of plan assets. In developing future long-term return expectations for our principal benefit plans’ assets, we formulate views on the future economic environment, both in the U.S. and abroad. We evaluate general market trends and historical relationships among a number of key variables that impact asset class returns such as expected earnings growth, inflation, valuations, yields and spreads, using both internal and external sources. We also take into account expected volatility by asset class and diversification across classes to determine expected overall portfolio results given our asset allocation. Based on our analysis, we have assumed a 7.00% long-term expected return on the GE Aerospace Pension Plan assets for cost recognition in 2024 and 2023. For 2025 cost recognition, based on GE Aerospace Pension Plan assets at December 31, 2024, we have assumed a 7.00% long-term expected return. The healthcare trend assumptions primarily apply to our pre-65 retiree medical plans. Most participants in our post-65 retiree plan have a fixed subsidy and therefore are not subject to healthcare inflation. We evaluate these critical assumptions at least annually on a plan and country-specific basis. We periodically evaluate other assumptions involving demographics factors such as retirement age and turnover, and update them to reflect our actual experience and expectations for the future. Actual results in any given year will often differ from actuarial assumptions because of economic and other factors. Differences between our actual results and what we assumed are recorded in AOCI each period. These differences are amortized into earnings over the remaining average future service of active participating employees or the expected life of inactive participants, as applicable. For the principal pension plans, gains and losses are amortized using a straight-line method with a separate layer for each year’s gains and losses. For most other pension plans and principal retiree benefit plans, gains and losses are amortized using a straight-line or a corridor amortization method. SENSITIVITIES TO KEY ASSUMPTIONS. Fluctuations in discount rates can significantly impact pension cost and obligations. We would expect that a 25 basis point decrease in discount rate would increase our GE Aerospace principal pension plan cost in the following year by approximately $50 million and would also expect an increase in the GE Aerospace principal pension plan projected benefit obligation at year-end by approximately $550 million. The deficit sensitivity to the discount rate would be lower than the projected benefit obligation sensitivity as a result of the liability hedging program incorporated in the asset allocation. A 25 basis point decrease in the expected return on assets would increase GE Aerospace principal pension plan cost in the following year by approximately $50 million. THE COMPOSITION OF OUR PLAN ASSETS. The fair value of our pension plans' investments is presented below. The inputs and valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of these assets are described in Note 1 and have been applied consistently. The fair value of our pension plans' investments is presented below. The inputs and valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of these assets are described in Note 1 and have been applied consistently. 20242023Principal pension Other pension Principal pension Other pension Global equities$1,142 $217 $1,985 $1,152 Debt securitiesFixed income and cash investment funds1,412 1,463 1,764 4,188 U.S. corporate(a)3,091 34 6,599 145 Other debt securities(b)3,106 46 6,064 218 Real estate535 6 775 18 Private equities and other investments299 118 600 259 Total9,585 1,884 17,787 5,980 Plan assets measured at net asset valueGlobal equities$1,695 $217 $3,169 $612 Debt securities1,158 693 1,907 2,224 Real estate715 280 1,067 1,074 Private equities and other investments5,867 518 5,814 874 Total plan assets at fair value19,020 3,592 29,744 10,764 Less: discontinued operations— — 9,491 6,851 Total plan assets - continuing operations$19,020 $3,592 $20,253 $3,913 (a)Primarily represented investment-grade bonds of U.S. issuers from diverse industries. (b)Primarily represented investments in residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, non-U.S. corporate and government bonds and U.S. government, federal agency, state and municipal debt. 2024 FORM 10-K 61 2024 FORM 10-K 61 2024 FORM 10-K 61 Plan assets that were measured at fair value using NAV as a practical expedient were excluded from the fair value hierarchy. Principal Pension Plans' investments with a fair value of $844 million and $1,203 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, were classified within Level 3 and primarily relate to private equities and real estate. The remaining investments were substantially all considered Level 1 and 2. Investments with a fair value of $2,288 million and $4,034 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, were classified within Level 1 and primarily relate to global equities and cash. Investments with a fair value of $6,235 million and $12,703 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, were classified within Level 2 and primarily relate to debt securities. Other pension plans investments with a fair value of $9 million and $26 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, were classified within Level 3 and primarily relate to private equities and real estate. The remaining investments were substantially all considered Level 1 and 2. Investments with a fair value of $28 million and $786 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, were classified within Level 1 and primarily relate to global equities and cash. Investments with a fair value of $1,713 million and $4,913 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, were classified within Level 2 and primarily relate to debt securities. Principal retiree benefit plan investments have a fair value of $6 million and $8 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There were no Level 3 principal retiree benefit plan investments held in 2024 and 2023. ASSET ALLOCATION OF PENSION PLANS2024 Target allocation2024 Actual allocationPrincipal PensionOther Pension (weighted average)Principal PensionOther Pension (weighted average)Global equities10.0 - 30.0%10 %15 %12 %Debt securities (including cash equivalents)19.0 - 87.569 46 62 Real estate1.0 - 10.07 7 8 Private equities & other investments12.0 - 40.014 32 18 10.0 - 30.0 19.0 - 87.5 1.0 - 10.0 12.0 - 40.0 Plan fiduciaries set investment policies and strategies for the principal pension plans and oversee their investment allocation, which includes selecting investment managers and setting long-term strategic targets. The plan fiduciaries' primary strategic investment objectives are balancing investment risk and return and monitoring the plan’s liquidity position in order to meet near-term benefit payment and other cash needs. The plan has incorporated de-risking objectives and liability hedging programs as part of its long-term investment strategy and utilizes a combination of long-dated corporate bonds, treasuries, strips and derivatives to implement its investment strategies as well as for hedging asset and liability risks. Target allocation percentages are established at an asset class level by plan fiduciaries. Target allocation ranges are guidelines, not limitations, and occasionally plan fiduciaries will approve allocations above or below a target range. GE Aerospace and GE securities represented 0.8% and 0.5% of the Principal Pension Plans' assets at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. ANNUALIZED RETURNS(a)1 year5 years10 years25 yearsGE Aerospace Pension Plan2.3 %2.2 %4.3 %4.7 % (a) Prior to 2023, the annualized returns represent the GE Pension Plan's returns. EXPECTED FUTURE BENEFIT PAYMENTS OF OUR BENEFIT PLANS(a)Principal pensionOther pensionPrincipal retiree benefit2025$1,800 $175 $130 20261,815 175 125 20271,825 180 120 20281,830 190 120 20291,830 195 120 2030-20348,960 1,045 510 (a) As of the measurement date of December 31, 2024. DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLAN. We have a defined contribution plan for eligible U.S. employees that provides employer contributions which were $265 million, $342 million and $444 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Employer contributions for continuing operations were $230 million, $213 million and $207 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. 62 2024 FORM 10-K 62 2024 FORM 10-K 62 2024 FORM 10-K COST OF POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS AND CHANGES IN OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOMEFor the years ended December 31202420232022(Pre-tax)Principal pension Other pension Principal retiree benefit Principal pension Other pension Principal retiree benefit Principal pension Other pension Principal retiree benefit Cost (income) of postretirement benefit plans$(741)$(21)$(101)$(1,108)$(118)$(144)$575 $(396)$(203)Changes in other comprehensive loss (income)Prior service cost (credit) - current year— — — 49 — — — — — Net loss (gain) - current year (a)262 (52)(15)1,588 721 (5)(1,533)(128)(778)Reclassifications out of AOCICurtailment/settlement gain (loss)— — — — 6 — — 6 — Dispositions185 (761)715 1,989 (792)1,216 — — — Amortization of net gain (loss)468 (41)82 723 (20)124 (1,422)(101)115 Amortization of prior service credit (cost)(6)1 103 (5)4 148 (5)8 235 Total changes in other comprehensive loss (income)909 (853)885 4,344 (81)1,483 (2,960)(215)(428)Cost (income) of postretirement benefit plans and changes in other comprehensive loss (income)$168 $(874)$784 $3,236 $(199)$1,339 $(2,385)$(611)$(631) (a) Primarily due to impact of discount rates and investment performance.