--- ticker: MCHP company: Microchip Technology Inc. filing_type: 10-K year_current: 2026 year_prior: 2025 risks_added: 3 risks_removed: 0 risks_modified: 17 risks_unchanged: 33 source: SEC EDGAR url: https://riskdiff.com/mchp/2026-vs-2025/ markdown_url: https://riskdiff.com/mchp/2026-vs-2025/index.md generated: 2026-06-01 --- # Microchip Technology Inc.: 10-K Risk Factor Changes 2026 vs 2025 > Source: U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR) > Generated: 2026-06-01 > All data extracted directly from official filings. No hallucinated content. ## Summary | Status | Count | |--------|-------| | New risks added | 3 | | Risks removed | 0 | | Risks modified | 17 | | Unchanged | 33 | --- ## New in Current Filing: We may lose sales if critical materials from concentrated sources become restricted or subject to export controls. Certain materials used in semiconductor manufacturing, including rare earth elements, minerals, and metals, are available from a limited number of countries. Geopolitical tensions, trade disputes, economic conditions, transit disruptions, public health concerns, or regulatory actions may affect the availability or cost of these materials. Although we do not purchase significant amounts of materials, components or equipment from Russia, Belarus, or Ukraine, the broader semiconductor industry relies on raw materials sourced from these regions - such as neon, palladium, cesium, rubidium, and nickel. Current U.S. restrictions on imports of certain metals of Russian origin highlight the risk that geopolitical events or sanctions may limit access to critical materials. If we or our suppliers cannot obtain necessary inputs at commercially reasonable prices or in adequate quantities, our ability to manufacture products - or customer demand for such products - may be adversely affected. China is a predominant producer of many rare earth materials essential to the global electronics industry. In 2025, China imposed and later expanded export restrictions and licensing requirements on certain rare earth elements and related magnets. Although some restrictions were subsequently suspended for certain U.S. end‑users, future restrictions or renewed implementation could constrain global supply. If China further restricts exports or pressures other countries to do so, our suppliers may face shortages, longer lead times, or increased costs. Limited access to these materials could impair our ability to manufacture certain products, increase our production costs, or reduce our competitiveness relative to manufacturers with alternative supply sources. These constraints may also affect downstream customers; for example, export controls on rare earth magnets have previously led certain automotive manufacturers to temporarily suspend operations. Any such impacts on our customers' production levels may reduce demand for our products and adversely affect our operating results. --- ## New in Current Filing: Geopolitical instability in the Middle East may disrupt critical semiconductor materials, increase fuel costs, and adversely affect our ability to meet customer demand. Geopolitical instability and conflicts in the Middle East, including military activity and escalating tensions involving Iran, create significant uncertainty for global markets, including energy and materials markets, and could adversely impact our operations and financial results. The region is a major source of global oil production and a critical transit point for maritime shipping routes. Hostilities, infrastructure damage, sanctions, or blockages of key shipping lanes could disrupt oil production and distribution, reducing the availability of fuel or increasing fuel prices. Recent armed conflicts have already forced key state sponsored fuel production facilities in the region offline, contributing to global fuel price volatility. In addition to fuel‑related risks, current conflict in the Middle East is disrupting supplies of critical semiconductor materials - including helium and bromine, both essential for wafer fabrication processes. For example, Qatar accounts for more than one‑third of the world's helium production, and recent Iranian drone strikes halted operations at major helium facilities. Additionally, bromine supplies are also at risk, as approximately two‑thirds of the global production originates from Israel and Jordan, and disruptions in the region could affect semiconductor etching, detection, and circuit‑formation processes. Our operations rely heavily on global logistics networks - including ocean freight, air freight, and long‑haul trucking - that depend on stable and cost‑effective fuel supplies. Significant increases in fuel costs, reductions in carrier capacity, or extended transit times could materially increase our transportation and distribution expenses. Shipping carriers may impose fuel surcharges, reroute vessels, reduce service frequency, or experience delays, each of which could impair our ability to obtain raw materials or deliver finished products to customers on expected timelines. Because many of our semiconductor products support time‑critical applications in the automotive, industrial, communications, aerospace and defense, and consumer sectors, delays in obtaining critical materials or increases in logistics costs could negatively impact customer relationships and customers' production schedules or purchasing decisions, reduce demand, and result in penalties under certain customer agreements. Prolonged or severe disruption - whether due to fuel shortages, materials constraints, logistics delays, or increased energy costs, or reduced customer demand - could adversely affect our ability to meet customer commitments and could materially harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations. --- ## New in Current Filing: We face significant and evolving risks related to AI across our products, operations, cybersecurity, regulatory compliance, intellectual property, confidential information, privacy, workforce, customer transactions, and customer demand, any of which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and reputation. Market dynamics and our product strategy are increasingly influenced by AI. Our ability to design, develop and timely introduce competitive products and processes - including those implementing new technologies such as AI, or complying with new governmental restrictions regarding implementation of new technologies - may be affected by how quickly we and our customers adapt to market changes driven by AI, and by the rate at which the markets we serve redesign and change their own products in response to AI and other market forces. Failure to respond timely could impair our competitive position, reduce design wins and sales, and negatively affect our margins. Demand for AI-related products is subject to concentration and investment-cycle risk, and any slowdown or shift in AI spending could reduce demand for our products, pressure margins, and adversely affect our operating results. AI also amplifies cybersecurity threats. As AI and machine learning evolve, they may lead to the development of dramatically more effective security tools, and cyber‑attackers may leverage these tools to enhance attack methods, identify novel security vulnerabilities, develop malicious code, sophisticated phishing attempts, and convincing deep fakes that manipulate our content or the voices or images of our leaders. Threats may also be introduced by our employees', our customers', or our partners' use of AI tools, including where AI‑generated source code incorporated into products or systems introduces malicious code or security vulnerabilities. We may be unaware of an incident, its magnitude or its effects until significant harm is done. 29 29 29 Table of Contents Table of Contents Our internal and partner use of AI tools presents further risks. Employees, consultants or partners may use AI tools in a manner posing risks to proprietary, confidential or regulated information and to intellectual property rights. The use of AI tools may result in allegations or claims relating to violation of third‑party IP rights, unauthorized access to or use or processing of proprietary, confidential or personal information, failure to comply with open‑source software requirements, or other legal or contractual obligations. AI tools may also generate unreliable, inaccurate, inferential, unexplainable or biased outputs that could lead to errors in decision‑making, product development or other business activities. Our products and intellectual property may face heightened security, safety and reliability risks when used in AI‑enabled applications, including in the cloud, IoT, automotive and other emerging use cases. Security vulnerabilities in our products, industry‑standard specifications, or licensed intellectual property may be exploited, and we or our customers may not promptly detect or fully assess the impact of such vulnerabilities. These risks could result in reduced demand, adverse publicity, remediation costs, customer claims, litigation or regulatory scrutiny. AI‑related laws, regulations and national and regional governmental policies are rapidly evolving and inconsistent across jurisdictions. New and existing frameworks in the United States, the European Union and China - including the EU AI Act's risk‑based approach - may impose additional compliance, transparency, conformity assessment, monitoring or usage‑restriction obligations on AI‑enabled products. Conflicting regulatory requirements across jurisdictions increase compliance complexity and costs, and failure or perceived failure to comply could result in fines, penalties, investigations, restrictions on product offerings, reputational harm, or lost sales or talent. We also face AI‑related risks in acquisitions and strategic relationships, including regulatory violations or cybersecurity risks arising from an acquired company's or partner's use of AI. In addition, competition for talent with AI expertise has intensified, and our ability to attract, retain and train personnel with appropriate AI skills and literacy is critical to our innovation and product roadmap. Uncertainty in intellectual property law relating to works created using AI technology may result in changing or inconsistent IP protections, which could adversely affect our ability to protect or commercialize innovations developed with AI. Collectively, these AI‑related risks could lead to operational disruption, increased costs, reputational harm, loss of market share, reduced revenue and margins, and adverse impacts on our financial condition and stock price. --- ## Modified: We are subject to stringent environmental, climate change and other regulations, which may force us to incur significant expenses and impact our operations. **Key changes:** - Reworded sentence: "Regulations restricting greenhouse gas emissions could cause us to incur significant additional costs of compliance due to the need for changes in manufacturing methods or installation of abatement equipment, expanded data collection, analysis, and certification." - Removed sentence: "35 35 35 Table of Contents Table of Contents" **Prior (2025):** We must comply with federal, state, local and foreign governmental regulations related to the use, storage, emissions, discharge and disposal of hazardous substances used in our products and manufacturing processes, or that are the result of our manufacturing operations, such as greenhouse gases. We must also comply with rules and regulations regarding limiting greenhouse gas emissions, public reporting of environmental metrics such as greenhouse gas emissions and hazardous substances, and obtain third-party assurance of greenhouse gas reporting. Regulations could require us to change manufacturing processes, substitute materials which may cost more or be less available, obtain new permits and undertake other costly activities. Our failure to comply, or the failure of entities that we have acquired over time to have complied, with regulations could result in significant fines, litigation or administrative actions by regulators or others, liability for clean-up, criminal and civil liabilities, import/export restrictions, reduction or suspension of production, cessation of operations or future liabilities. Restrictions on emissions could result in significant costs such as the need for additional equipment, higher energy costs, carbon taxes, and emission cap and trade programs, and could also result in reduction or suspension of production, or even cessation of operations. Such regulations have required us in the past, and could require us in the future, to incur significant expenses to comply with such regulations. Our failure to control the use of, or adequately restrict the discharge of, hazardous substances could not only impact the health of our employees, customers and communities in which we operate, but could also impact our ability to operate. Such failure could also restrict our ability to ship certain products to certain countries, require us to modify our products, shipping materials or logistics, or require us to incur other significant costs and expenses. Environmental laws continue to expand with a focus on reducing or eliminating hazardous substances in electronic products and shipping materials. Future environmental regulations could require us to close or reduce production at certain facilities, reengineer certain of our existing products and may prevent us or make it more expensive for us to manufacture, sell and ship our products. For example, in Colorado, Regulation 27 requires companies operating in Colorado to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions in a short timeframe. Because we have contractual obligations to certain customers to assess the impact that manufacturing process changes may have on the products that we provide to such customers, we have to take a measured approach when implementing changes to our facilities, manufacturing processes, and manufacturing inputs. If we are unable to implement the necessary abatement plan, we may be required to ramp down our existing operations significantly or risk noncompliance with the rule. The magnitude of the penalties that may be imposed for non-compliance is not currently known but could include significant monetary penalties and orders to reduce or cease production. In March 2022, the SEC proposed a rule entitled Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors which it then adopted March 6, 2024. However, on April 4, 2024, the SEC announced that it was delaying the implementation of the rule pending challenge in the U.S. Eighth Circuit Court. While the rule is not yet implemented, if it were to be implemented in its current form, we would incur significant additional costs of compliance due to the need for expanded data collection, analysis, and certification. In addition, the number and complexity of laws and customer requirements focused on the energy efficiency of electronic products, the recycling of electronic products, the reduction of chemicals used in and to manufacture electronic products, and the reduction in the amount of packing materials and the increase in the required recycling of packing materials have expanded significantly. It may be difficult for us to timely comply with these laws and we may have insufficient quantities of compliant products to meet customers' needs, thereby adversely impacting our sales and profitability. We may have to write off inventory if we hold unsaleable inventory as a result of changes to regulations. We expect these risks to continue. These requirements may increase our own costs, as well as those passed on to us by our supply chain. 35 35 35 Table of Contents Table of Contents **Current (2026):** We must comply with federal, state, local and foreign governmental regulations related to the use, storage, emissions, discharge and disposal of hazardous substances used in our products and manufacturing processes, or that are the result of our manufacturing operations, such as greenhouse gases. We must also comply with rules and regulations regarding limiting greenhouse gas emissions, public reporting of environmental metrics such as greenhouse gas emissions and hazardous substances, and obtain third-party assurance of greenhouse gas reporting. Regulations could require us to change manufacturing processes, substitute materials which may cost more or be less available, obtain new permits and undertake other costly activities. Our failure to comply, or the failure of entities that we have acquired over time to have complied, with regulations could result in significant fines, litigation or administrative actions by regulators or others, liability for clean-up, criminal and civil liabilities, import/export restrictions, reduction or suspension of production, cessation of operations or future liabilities. Restrictions on emissions could result in significant costs such as the need for additional equipment, higher energy costs, carbon taxes, and emission cap and trade programs, and could also result in reduction or suspension of production, or even cessation of operations. Such regulations have required us in the past, and could require us in the future, to incur significant expenses to comply with such regulations. Our failure to control the use of, or adequately restrict the discharge of, hazardous substances could not only impact the health of our employees, customers and communities in which we operate, but could also impact our ability to operate. Such failure could also restrict our ability to ship certain products to certain countries, require us to modify our products, shipping materials or logistics, or require us to incur other significant costs and expenses. Environmental laws continue to expand with a focus on reducing or eliminating hazardous substances in electronic products and shipping materials. Future environmental regulations could require us to close or reduce production at certain facilities, reengineer certain of our existing products and may prevent us or make it more expensive for us to manufacture, sell and ship our products. Regulations restricting greenhouse gas emissions could cause us to incur significant additional costs of compliance due to the need for changes in manufacturing methods or installation of abatement equipment, expanded data collection, analysis, and certification. Because we have contractual obligations to certain customers to assess the impact that 37 37 37 Table of Contents Table of Contents manufacturing process changes may have on the products that we provide to such customers, we have to take a measured approach when implementing changes to our facilities, manufacturing processes, and manufacturing inputs. If we are unable to implement the necessary abatement plan, we may be required to ramp down our existing operations significantly or risk noncompliance with regulations. The number and complexity of laws and customer requirements focused on the energy efficiency of electronic products, the recycling of electronic products, the reduction of chemicals used in and to manufacture electronic products, and the reduction in the amount of packing materials and the increase in the required recycling of packing materials have expanded significantly. It may be difficult for us to timely comply with these laws and we may have insufficient quantities of compliant products to meet customers' needs, thereby adversely impacting our sales and profitability. We may have to write off inventory if we hold unsaleable inventory as a result of changes to regulations. We expect these risks to continue. These requirements may increase our own costs, as well as those passed on to us by our supply chain. --- ## Modified: Risks Related to Cybersecurity, Products, Privacy, Intellectual Property, and Litigation **Key changes:** - Reworded sentence: "•interruptions in and unauthorized access to our IT systems and security breaches or incidents impacting our systems, or data that we or our service providers maintain or otherwise process including, but not limited to, data belonging to us or our customers, suppliers, contractors or employees; •impact of evolving risks related to artificial intelligence, cybersecurity and data privacy across our products, operations, regulatory compliance, intellectual property, talent, and transactions; •exposure of our customers' business and proprietary confidential information due to security vulnerabilities of our products; •risks related to internal use of artificial intelligence (AI); •risks related to compliance with laws and regulations regarding privacy, data protection, AI, cybersecurity (including U.S." **Prior (2025):** •interruptions in and unauthorized access to our IT systems and security breaches or incidents impacting our systems, or data that we or our service providers maintain or otherwise process including, but not limited to, data belonging to us or our customers, suppliers, contractors or employees; •exposure of our customers' business and proprietary confidential information due to security vulnerabilities of our products; •risks related to use of artificial intelligence (AI); •risks related to compliance with laws and regulations regarding privacy, data protection, cybersecurity, and handling of government-regulated data (e.g., controlled unclassified information, classified data, export-controlled data); •risks related to legal proceedings, investigations or claims; •risks related to contractual relationships with our customers and suppliers; and •protecting and enforcing our intellectual property rights. **Current (2026):** •interruptions in and unauthorized access to our IT systems and security breaches or incidents impacting our systems, or data that we or our service providers maintain or otherwise process including, but not limited to, data belonging to us or our customers, suppliers, contractors or employees; •impact of evolving risks related to artificial intelligence, cybersecurity and data privacy across our products, operations, regulatory compliance, intellectual property, talent, and transactions; •exposure of our customers' business and proprietary confidential information due to security vulnerabilities of our products; •risks related to internal use of artificial intelligence (AI); •risks related to compliance with laws and regulations regarding privacy, data protection, AI, cybersecurity (including U.S. Department of War requirements), and handling of government-regulated data (e.g., controlled unclassified information, classified data, export-controlled data); •risks related to legal proceedings, investigations or claims; •risks related to contractual relationships with our customers and suppliers; and •protecting and enforcing our intellectual property rights. 14 14 14 Table of Contents Table of Contents --- ## Modified: Our success depends on our ability to introduce new products on a timely basis. **Key changes:** - Reworded sentence: "The success of our new product 21 21 21 Table of Contents Table of Contents introductions depends on various factors, including, but not limited to: •understanding and predicting changes in the market segments that we serve, including changes driven by AI; •effective new product selection; •timely completion and introduction of new product designs, and the ability to produce these products at desired volumes, including those developed on more advanced technology nodes such as our first 3nm PCIe Gen 6 Switch; •availability of skilled employees; •procurement of licenses for intellectual property rights from third parties under commercially reasonable terms, including those that may be needed to offer interoperability between our products and third-party products; •implementation of appropriate technical standards developed by standard setting organizations; •timely filing and protection of intellectual property rights for new product designs; •the level of competition for our new products and how the features and prices of our new products compare with competing products; •availability of development and support tools and collateral literature that make complex new products easy for engineers to understand and use; and •market acceptance of our customers' end products." - Reworded sentence: "We may be unable to timely design, develop and introduce competitive products, or produce them at desired volumes, which could adversely impact our future operating results." **Prior (2025):** Our future operating results depend on our ability to develop and timely introduce new products that compete effectively on the basis of price and performance and which address customer requirements. The success of our new product introductions depends on various factors, including, but not limited to: •effective new product selection; •timely completion and introduction of new product designs; •availability of skilled employees; •procurement of licenses for intellectual property rights from third parties under commercially reasonable terms, including those that may be needed to offer interoperability between our products and third-party products; •implementation of appropriate technical standards developed by standard setting organizations; •timely filing and protection of intellectual property rights for new product designs; •availability of development and support tools and collateral literature that make complex new products easy for engineers to understand and use; and •market acceptance of our customers' end products. Because our products are complex, we have experienced delays from time to time in completing new product development. New products may not receive or maintain substantial market acceptance. We may be unable to timely design, develop and introduce competitive products, which could adversely impact our future operating results. Our success also depends upon our ability to develop and implement new design and process technologies. Semiconductor design and process technologies are subject to rapid technological change and require significant R&D expenditures. We and others in the industry have, from time to time, experienced difficulties in transitioning to advanced process technologies and have suffered reduced manufacturing yields or delays in product deliveries. Our future operating results could be adversely affected if any transition to future process technologies is substantially delayed or inefficiently implemented. **Current (2026):** Our future operating results depend on our ability to develop and timely introduce new products that compete effectively on the basis of price and performance and which address customer requirements. The success of our new product 21 21 21 Table of Contents Table of Contents introductions depends on various factors, including, but not limited to: •understanding and predicting changes in the market segments that we serve, including changes driven by AI; •effective new product selection; •timely completion and introduction of new product designs, and the ability to produce these products at desired volumes, including those developed on more advanced technology nodes such as our first 3nm PCIe Gen 6 Switch; •availability of skilled employees; •procurement of licenses for intellectual property rights from third parties under commercially reasonable terms, including those that may be needed to offer interoperability between our products and third-party products; •implementation of appropriate technical standards developed by standard setting organizations; •timely filing and protection of intellectual property rights for new product designs; •the level of competition for our new products and how the features and prices of our new products compare with competing products; •availability of development and support tools and collateral literature that make complex new products easy for engineers to understand and use; and •market acceptance of our customers' end products. Because our products are complex, we have experienced delays from time to time in completing new product development. New products may not receive or maintain substantial market acceptance. We may be unable to timely design, develop and introduce competitive products, or produce them at desired volumes, which could adversely impact our future operating results. Our success also depends upon our ability to develop and implement new design and process technologies. Semiconductor design and process technologies are subject to rapid technological change and require significant R&D expenditures. We and others in the industry have, from time to time, experienced difficulties in transitioning to advanced process technologies and have suffered reduced manufacturing yields or delays in product deliveries. Our future operating results could be adversely affected if any transition to future process technologies is substantially delayed or inefficiently implemented. --- ## Modified: Regulatory authorities in jurisdictions into or from which we ship our products or import supplies could issue new export controls or trade sanctions, levy fines, restrict or delay our ability to export products or import supplies, or increase costs associated with the manufacture or transfer of products. **Key changes:** - Reworded sentence: "Licenses or license exceptions are often required for the shipment of our products to certain countries as well as for releases of our technology and software to foreign nationals." - Reworded sentence: "Department of Commerce published a regulation that imposed restrictions on activities in or involving China, Hong Kong, and Macau related to advanced computing integrated circuits (ICs), advanced-node ICs, computers and other commodities that contain such ICs, certain semiconductor manufacturing items, and supercomputers." - Reworded sentence: "Department of Commerce added restrictions and export license requirements to end uses and product categories previously described in the October 2022 regulation." - Reworded sentence: "Departments of Commerce, State, and Treasury have been adding parties to the restricted parties lists, and imposing prohibitions and export licensing requirements on transactions with them and entities that are 50% or more owned by them." - Reworded sentence: "administration in 2025 is that there has been a slow-down in the processing of export license applications by the U.S." **Prior (2025):** A significant portion of our sales involve export and import activities. Our U.S.-manufactured products or products based on U.S. technology or U.S. software, or products incorporating U.S. content may be subject to laws and regulations administrated by various agencies including those under the U.S. Departments of State, Commerce, and Treasury, that govern international trade, including but not limited to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, Export Administration Regulations (EAR), International Traffic in Arms Regulations, economic embargoes and tariffs or other trade sanctions against certain countries and parties. Licenses or license exceptions are often required for the shipment of our products to certain countries. Our inability to timely obtain a license, for any reason, including a delay in license processing due to a federal government shutdown, or changes in government policies of approval or denial of licenses, could cause a delay in scheduled shipments which could have a material adverse impact on our revenue within the quarter of a shutdown, and in following quarters depending on the extent that license processing is delayed. Further, determination by a government that we have failed to comply with trade regulations or anti-bribery regulations can result in penalties which may include denial of export privileges, fines, penalties, and seizure of products, or loss of reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, sales and earnings. A change in laws and regulations could restrict our ability to transfer product to previously permitted countries, customers, distributors or others. For example, in October 2022, the U.S. Commerce Department published a regulation that imposed restrictions on activities in or involving China, Hong Kong, and Macau related to advanced computing integrated circuits (ICs), advanced-node ICs, computers and other commodities that contain such ICs, certain semiconductor manufacturing items, and supercomputers. The regulation also expanded controls on transactions involving semiconductor manufacturing and semiconductor equipment manufacturing end-uses. Further, this regulation expanded the scope of foreign-produced items subject to license requirements under U.S. law and added 28 entities located in China to the U.S. Commerce Department Entity List. In November 2023, the U.S. Commerce Department added restrictions and export license requirements to end uses and product categories previously described in the October 2022 regulation. To date, the U.S. Commerce Department has issued a number of regulations that further restrict transactions involving semiconductors and related products. In addition, the U.S. Departments of Commerce, State, and Treasury have been adding parties to the 32 32 32 Table of Contents Table of Contents restricted parties lists, and imposing prohibitions and export licensing requirements on transactions with them. The result of these additional restrictions and the change in the U.S. Administration in 2025 is that there has been a slow-down in the processing of export license applications by the U.S. Government and an increased burden on us to conduct additional due diligence imposed by the regulations, as well as by sanctions imposed on Russia for invading Ukraine. At this time, there has not been a material impact on our ability to obtain necessary licenses for exportation. A previous example occurred in fiscal 2020, when the U.S. Commerce Department effectively banned U.S. companies from selling products or transferring technology to certain Chinese companies, including Huawei and their related companies worldwide. In fiscal 2020, the U.S. Federal Acquisition Regulation prohibited U.S. governmental agencies from buying equipment incorporating covered telecommunications equipment, as a substantial component or critical technology, where the technology came from certain Chinese companies. In July 2020, this was expanded to prohibit U.S. governmental agencies from entering into a contract with any company that uses covered telecommunications equipment whether or not the Chinese technology is related to the procurement. Since then, similar restrictions have been imposed under the National Defense and Authorization Act when supply chain includes certain Chinese entities. The EAR also effectively prohibits sales of items for a "military end use," to a "military end-user," or for a "military intelligence" end-user, or end-use to certain countries, such as Belarus, Burma, Cambodia, Cuba, China, Iran, North Korea, Russia, Syria and Venezuela. Any of the foregoing changes to the regulatory requirements could adversely impact our operational costs due to the administrative impacts of complying with these regulations and may limit those with whom we conduct business. Any one or more of these sanctions, future sanctions, a change in laws or regulations, or a prohibition on shipment of our products or transfer of our technology to significant customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The U.S. and other countries have levied tariffs and taxes on certain goods, implemented trade restrictions, and introduced national security protection policies. Trade tensions between the U.S. and China, have continued to escalate from 2018 to present, and include the U.S. increasing tariffs on Chinese origin goods and China increasing tariffs on U.S. origin goods. Additionally, the U.S has imposed a baseline 10% tariff on almost all imported goods globally. We previously took steps to mitigate the costs of these tariffs on our business by adjusting our operations and supply chain, but may be unable to mitigate the costs of additional tariffs, including those imposed in March and April of 2025. Although these tariff increases did not result in a material adverse impact on our operating costs in fiscal 2019 or fiscal 2020, they did reduce demand for our products during fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2020. Increased tariffs on our customers' products could adversely impact their sales, and increased tariffs on our products in comparison to those of our competitors could each result in lower demand for our products. Further, governments may impose restrictions on the sale to certain customers of our products, or any applications containing our products. For example, the Chinese government announced restrictions relating to sales of certain raw materials and to sales of products containing certain products made by Micron, and they may direct companies within China to purchase Chinese-made products. Similar restrictions on our products or the products of our customers or suppliers could negatively impact our business and financial results. It is also possible that evolving U.S. export controls may encourage non-U.S. governments to request that our customers purchase from companies not subject to U.S. export controls, thereby harming our business, market position, and financial results. Excessive export controls increase the risk of investing in U.S. advanced semiconductor products, because by the time a new product is ready for market, it may be subject to new unilateral export controls restricting its sale. At the same time, such controls may increase investment in foreign competitors, which would be less likely to be restricted by U.S. controls. Further changes in trade or national security protection policy, tariffs, additional taxes, restrictions on exports or other trade barriers, including those taken against the U.S. in retaliation for U.S. policies, may limit our ability to obtain equipment, components or raw materials (including rare earth minerals), limit our ability to produce products, increase our selling and/or manufacturing costs, decrease margins, reduce the competitiveness of our products, reduce our ability to sell products, or reduce our ability to have mergers and acquisitions approved by governmental agencies, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial conditions. **Current (2026):** A significant portion of our sales involve export and import activities. Our U.S.-manufactured products or products based on U.S. technology or U.S. software, or products incorporating U.S. content may be subject to laws and regulations administrated by various agencies including those under the U.S. Departments of State, Commerce, and Treasury, that govern international trade, including but not limited to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, Export Administration Regulations (EAR), International Traffic in Arms Regulations, economic embargoes and tariffs or other trade sanctions against certain countries and parties. Licenses or license exceptions are often required for the shipment of our products to certain countries as well as for releases of our technology and software to foreign nationals. Our inability to timely obtain a license, for any reason, not limited to a delay in license processing due to a federal government shutdown, or changes in government policies of approval or denial of licenses, could cause a delay in scheduled shipments which could have a material adverse impact on our revenue within the quarter of a shutdown, and in following quarters depending on the extent that license processing is delayed. Further, determination by a government that we have failed to comply with trade regulations or anti-bribery regulations can result in penalties which may include denial of export privileges, fines, penalties, and seizure of products, or loss of reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, sales and earnings. A change in laws and regulations could restrict our ability to transfer product to previously permitted countries, customers, distributors or others. For example, in October 2022, the U.S. Department of Commerce published a regulation that imposed restrictions on activities in or involving China, Hong Kong, and Macau related to advanced computing integrated circuits (ICs), advanced-node ICs, computers and other commodities that contain such ICs, certain semiconductor manufacturing items, and supercomputers. The regulation also expanded controls on transactions involving semiconductor manufacturing and 34 34 34 Table of Contents Table of Contents semiconductor equipment manufacturing end-uses. Further, this regulation and others expanded the scope of foreign-produced items subject to license requirements under U.S. law. Export controls, sanctions, and trade restrictions are increasingly complex and subject to discretionary interpretation by regulatory authorities, with requirements that may change through guidance, enforcement, or licensing decisions. Even where we believe authorizations apply, differing or changing regulatory interpretations could disrupt shipments, delay revenue recognition, require product or customer changes, and adversely affect our operating results. In November 2023, the U.S. Department of Commerce added restrictions and export license requirements to end uses and product categories previously described in the October 2022 regulation. To date, the U.S. Department of Commerce has issued a number of regulations that further restrict transactions involving semiconductors and related products. In addition, the U.S. Departments of Commerce, State, and Treasury have been adding parties to the restricted parties lists, and imposing prohibitions and export licensing requirements on transactions with them and entities that are 50% or more owned by them. The BIS has temporarily suspended its 50% Affiliates Rule, until November 10, 2026. The result of these additional restrictions and the change in the U.S. administration in 2025 is that there has been a slow-down in the processing of export license applications by the U.S. Government and an increased burden on us to conduct additional due diligence imposed by the regulations, as well as by sanctions imposed on Russia for invading Ukraine. At this time, there has not been a material impact on our ability to obtain necessary licenses for exportation. A previous example occurred in fiscal 2020, when the U.S. Department of Commerce effectively banned U.S. companies from selling products or transferring technology to certain Chinese companies, including Huawei and their related companies worldwide. In fiscal 2020, the U.S. Federal Acquisition Regulation prohibited U.S. governmental agencies from buying equipment incorporating covered telecommunications equipment, as a substantial component or critical technology, where the technology came from certain Chinese companies. In July 2020, this was expanded to prohibit U.S. governmental agencies from entering into a contract with any company that uses covered telecommunications equipment whether or not the Chinese technology is related to the procurement. Since then, similar restrictions have been imposed under the National Defense and Authorization Act when the supply chain includes certain Chinese entities. The EAR also effectively prohibits sales of items for a "military end use," to a "military end-user," or for a "military intelligence" end-user, or end-use to certain countries, such as Belarus, Burma, Cambodia, Cuba, China, Iran, North Korea, Russia, Syria and Venezuela. The U.S. Department of Commerce also currently imposes restrictions on importation and sale of certain Vehicle Connectivity System (VCS) hardware and covered software designed, developed, manufactured, or supplied by persons with a nexus to China, Hong Kong, Macau, or Russia. Any of the foregoing changes to the regulatory requirements could adversely impact our operational costs due to the administrative impacts of complying with these regulations and may limit those with whom we conduct business. Any one or more of these sanctions, future sanctions, a change in laws or regulations, or a prohibition on shipment of our products or transfer of our technology to significant customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The U.S. and other countries have levied tariffs and taxes on certain goods, implemented trade restrictions, and introduced national security protection policies. Trade tensions between the U.S. and China, have continued to escalate from 2018 to present, and include the U.S. increasing tariffs on Chinese origin goods and China increasing tariffs on U.S. origin goods. Additionally, the U.S. has imposed a baseline 10% tariff on almost all imported goods globally. We continue to take steps to mitigate the costs of these tariffs on our business by adjusting our operations and supply chain but may be unable to completely mitigate the costs of such tariffs, including those imposed in recent years or in the future. On August 1, 2025, the U.S. administration implemented additional changes to its tariff policy, including the suspension of the de minimis exemption, expiration of the 10% baseline tariff, implementation of revised reciprocal tariffs tailored to each trading partner, and the imposition of tariffs on particular goods (e.g., copper). Although semiconductors remain exempt from most of the recent tariff actions, an increase in tariffs on semiconductors is expected to be imposed once the Section 232 investigation into the impact on U.S. national security by imports of semiconductors, semiconductor manufacturing equipment and their derivative products is concluded. Semiconductors may also be subject to tariffs resulting from ongoing trade negotiations. Although the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that IEEPA-based tariffs are unconstitutional, we cannot predict the timing, likelihood, or amount of any refunds or other recoveries. Increased tariffs on our customers' products could adversely impact their sales, and increased tariffs on our products in comparison to those of our competitors could each result in lower demand for our products. Further, governments may impose restrictions on the sale to certain customers of our products, or any applications containing our products. For example, the Chinese government has announced restrictions relating to sales of certain raw materials and to sales of products containing certain products made by Micron, and they may direct companies within China to purchase Chinese-made products. The Chinese government may also re-initiate the suspended antidumping investigation into imports of analog chips originating in the United States and aggressively enforce the new regulation intended to combat the extraterritorial application of foreign trade controls, sanctions and other measures, which would likely have an adverse impact on our 35 35 35 Table of Contents Table of Contents revenue if additional tariffs are imposed by the Chinese government on products subject to the investigation. Similar restrictions on our products or the products of our customers or suppliers could negatively impact our business and financial results. It is also possible that evolving U.S. export controls may encourage our non-U.S. customers to purchase from companies not subject to U.S. export controls, thereby harming our business, market position, and financial results. Excessive export controls increase the risk of investing in U.S. advanced semiconductor products, because by the time a new product is ready for market, it may be subject to new unilateral export controls restricting its sale. At the same time, such controls may increase investment in foreign competitors, which would be less likely to be restricted by U.S. controls. Further changes in trade or national security protection policy, tariffs, additional taxes, restrictions on exports or other trade barriers, including those taken against the U.S. in retaliation for U.S. policies, may limit our ability to obtain equipment, components or raw materials (including rare earth minerals), limit our ability to produce products, increase our selling and/or manufacturing costs, decrease margins, reduce the competitiveness of our products, reduce our ability to sell products, or reduce our ability to have mergers and acquisitions approved by governmental agencies, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial conditions. --- ## Modified: We face risks related to security vulnerabilities in our products. **Key changes:** - Reworded sentence: "While some of our products contain encryption or security algorithms to protect third-party content or user-generated data stored on our products, and we receive and process alerts regarding potential security vulnerabilities in our products through our public facing Product Security Incident Response Team, these products could still be hacked or the encryption schemes could be compromised, breached, or circumvented by motivated and sophisticated attackers, including attackers using powerful new AI-driven technologies." - Added sentence: "The increasing use of our products in interconnected, autonomous, safety‑critical, defense‑related, and AI‑enabled systems may expose security vulnerabilities beyond traditional software exploits, including firmware, embedded functionality, or interactions with third‑party systems, which may only become apparent after large‑scale deployment." - Added sentence: "30 30 30 Table of Contents Table of Contents" **Prior (2025):** Our products, or IP that we purchase or license from third parties for use in our products, as well as industry-standard specifications that we implement in our products, may be subject to security vulnerabilities. And, while some of our products contain encryption or security algorithms to protect third-party content or user-generated data stored on our products, these products could still be hacked or the encryption schemes could be compromised, breached, or circumvented by motivated and sophisticated attackers. Our products are being used in application areas that create new or increased cybersecurity, privacy or safety risks including applications that gather and process data, such as the cloud or Internet of Things, and automotive applications. We, our customers, and the users of our products may not promptly learn of or have the ability to fully assess the magnitude or effects of a vulnerability, including the extent, if any, to which a vulnerability has been exploited. Additionally, new information can develop that may impact our assessment of a security vulnerability, including information learned as we develop and deploy mitigations, or become aware of additional variants or evaluate the competitiveness of products. Security vulnerabilities and any limitations of, or adverse effects resulting from, mitigation techniques can adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition, sales, customer relationships, share price, prospects, and reputation in a number of ways, any of which may be material. Adverse publicity about security vulnerabilities or mitigations could damage our reputation with customers or users and reduce demand for our products and services. These effects may be greater to the extent that competing products are not susceptible to the same vulnerabilities or if vulnerabilities can be more effectively mitigated in competing products. Moreover, third parties can release information regarding potential vulnerabilities of our products before mitigations are available. This, in turn, could lead to attempted or successful exploits of vulnerabilities, adversely affect our ability to introduce mitigations, or otherwise harm our business and reputation. **Current (2026):** Our products, or IP that we purchase or license from third parties for use in our products, as well as industry-standard specifications that we implement in our products, may be subject to security vulnerabilities. While some of our products contain encryption or security algorithms to protect third-party content or user-generated data stored on our products, and we receive and process alerts regarding potential security vulnerabilities in our products through our public facing Product Security Incident Response Team, these products could still be hacked or the encryption schemes could be compromised, breached, or circumvented by motivated and sophisticated attackers, including attackers using powerful new AI-driven technologies. Our products are being used in application areas that create new or increased cybersecurity, privacy or safety risks including applications that gather and process data, such as the cloud or IoT, automotive applications, and applications that use AI. We, our customers, and the users of our products may not promptly learn of or have the ability to fully assess the magnitude or effects of a vulnerability, including the extent, if any, to which a vulnerability has been exploited. Additionally, new information can develop that may impact our assessment of a security vulnerability, including information learned as we develop and deploy mitigations, or become aware of additional variants or evaluate the competitiveness of products. The increasing use of our products in interconnected, autonomous, safety‑critical, defense‑related, and AI‑enabled systems may expose security vulnerabilities beyond traditional software exploits, including firmware, embedded functionality, or interactions with third‑party systems, which may only become apparent after large‑scale deployment. Security vulnerabilities and any limitations of, or adverse effects resulting from, mitigation techniques can adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition, sales, customer relationships, share price, prospects, and reputation in a number of ways, any of which may be material. Adverse publicity about security vulnerabilities or mitigations could damage our reputation with customers or users and reduce demand for our products and services. These effects may be greater to the extent that competing products are not susceptible to the same vulnerabilities or if vulnerabilities can be more effectively mitigated in competing products. Moreover, third parties can release information regarding potential vulnerabilities of our products before mitigations are available. This, in turn, could lead to attempted or successful exploits of vulnerabilities, adversely affect our ability to introduce mitigations, or otherwise harm our business and reputation. 30 30 30 Table of Contents Table of Contents --- ## Modified: We are highly dependent on foreign sales, suppliers, and operations, which exposes us to foreign political and economic risks. **Key changes:** - Added sentence: "During fiscal 2026, approximately 75% of our net sales were made to foreign customers, including 18% in China and 15% in Taiwan." - Removed sentence: "During fiscal 2024, approximately 75% of our net sales were made to foreign customers, including 18% in China, 12% in Taiwan and 10% in Germany." - Reworded sentence: "Although our sales in 18 18 18 Table of Contents Table of Contents the Chinese market have been strong in the past, competition in China is intense." - Reworded sentence: "and China remains challenging and could worsen, economic conditions in China remain uncertain, and we are unable to predict whether such uncertainty will continue or worsen in future periods." - Reworded sentence: "For example, on September 13, 2025, China's Ministry of Commerce initiated an antidumping investigation of imports into China of analog semiconductors originating in the United States." **Prior (2025):** Sales to foreign customers account for a substantial portion of our net sales. During fiscal 2025, approximately 75% of our net sales were made to foreign customers, including 17% in China and 16% in Taiwan. During fiscal 2024, approximately 75% of our net sales were made to foreign customers, including 18% in China, 12% in Taiwan and 10% in Germany. Having a strong position in the Chinese market is a key component of our global growth strategy. Although our sales in the Chinese market were very strong in calendar 2021, competition in China is intense, and China's economic growth slowed in calendar 2022 and through the first half of calendar 2023. In fiscal 2024 and in fiscal 2025, economic weakness in the Chinese market adversely impacted our sales volumes in China. As discussed above, the trade relationship between the U.S. and China remains challenging and could worsen in 2025, economic conditions in China remain uncertain, and we are unable to predict whether such uncertainty will continue or worsen in future periods. The increase in tariffs on semiconductors and raw materials that have the U.S. as their country of origin could lower demand for our products in China and other countries. Further, increasing investment in the semiconductor industry by the Chinese government and various state-owned of affiliated entities are intended to advance China's stated national policy objectives. The Chinese government may restrict us from participating in the China market, or may prevent us from competing effectively with Chinese companies. Weakening of foreign markets, especially in China, has resulted in lower demand for our products, which has adversely impacted our revenue in recent quarters and, if such conditions continue, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial conditions. We purchase a substantial portion of our raw materials and equipment from foreign suppliers. Please see the risks related to access to raw materials, components, or equipment on page 16. In addition, we own product assembly and testing facilities, and finished goods warehouses near Bangkok, Thailand, which has experienced periods of political instability and severe flooding in the past. There can be no assurance that any future flooding or political instability in Thailand would not have a material adverse impact on our operations. We have a test facility in Calamba, Philippines. We use foundries and other foreign contractors for a significant portion of our assembly and testing and wafer fabrication requirements. Our reliance on foreign operations, foreign suppliers, maintenance of substantially all of our finished goods inventory at foreign locations and significant foreign sales exposes us to foreign political and economic risks, including, but not limited to: •economic uncertainty in the worldwide markets we serve; •trade restrictions and changes in tariffs; •political instability, including changes in relations between China and Taiwan which could disrupt the operations of our Taiwan-based third-party wafer foundries, and subcontractors; •social and economic instability due to public health concerns, wars, or other factors; •supply chain disruptions or delays; •potentially adverse tax consequences; •import and export license requirements and restrictions; •changes in laws related to taxes, trade, environmental, health and safety, technical standards, climate change, and consumer protection; •restrictions on the transfer of funds, including currency controls in China, which could negatively affect the amount and timing of certain customer payments, and as a results our cash flows; •currency fluctuations and foreign exchange regulations; •difficulties in staffing and managing international operations; •employment regulations; •disruptions due to cybersecurity incidents; •disruptions in international transport or delivery; •public health conditions (including viral outbreaks such as COVID-19); and •difficulties in collecting receivables and longer payment cycles. If any of these risks occur or are worse than we anticipate, our sales could decrease and our operating results could suffer, we could face an increase in the cost of components, production delays, business interruptions, delays in obtaining export licenses, or denials of such licenses, tariffs and trade restrictions, longer payment cycles, increased taxes, restrictions on the repatriation of funds and the burdens of complying with a variety of foreign laws, any of which could ultimately have a 18 18 18 Table of Contents Table of Contents material adverse effect on our business. Further changes in trade policy, tariffs, additional taxes, or restrictions on supplies, equipment, and raw materials including rare earth minerals, may limit our ability to produce products, increase our selling and/or manufacturing costs, decrease margins, reduce the competitiveness of our products, or inhibit our ability to sell products or purchase necessary equipment and supplies, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial conditions. **Current (2026):** Sales to foreign customers account for a substantial portion of our net sales. During fiscal 2026, approximately 75% of our net sales were made to foreign customers, including 18% in China and 15% in Taiwan. During fiscal 2025, approximately 75% of our net sales were made to foreign customers, including 17% in China and 16% in Taiwan. Having a strong position in the Chinese market is a key component of our global growth strategy. Although our sales in 18 18 18 Table of Contents Table of Contents the Chinese market have been strong in the past, competition in China is intense. Throughout fiscal 2024, fiscal 2025 and fiscal 2026, changes in the Chinese market adversely impacted our sales volumes in China. As discussed above, the trade relationship between the U.S. and China remains challenging and could worsen, economic conditions in China remain uncertain, and we are unable to predict whether such uncertainty will continue or worsen in future periods. Any increase in tariffs on semiconductors and raw materials that have the U.S. as their country of origin could lower demand for our products in China and other countries. For example, on September 13, 2025, China's Ministry of Commerce initiated an antidumping investigation of imports into China of analog semiconductors originating in the United States. While we were not a subject of this investigation and the Chinese government is expected to suspend these investigations pursuant to the latest trade deal with the U.S., the Chinese government may resume this investigation at its election. If this takes place, additional tariffs are likely to be imposed as a result of this investigation and could have an adverse impact on our revenue. Also, on April 13, 2026, China's State Council released a regulation intended to be a retaliatory measure to combat the extraterritorial application of foreign laws pertaining to trade controls, sanctions, and similar measures. This regulation may expose us to potential civil liability, administrative measures, and other remedial actions if the Chinese government determines that we caused harm by complying with certain foreign laws. This could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial conditions. Further, increasing investment in the semiconductor industry by the Chinese government and various state-owned or affiliated entities are intended to advance China's stated national policy objectives. The Chinese government may restrict us from participating in the China market, or may prevent us from competing effectively with Chinese companies. Weakening of foreign markets, especially in China, has resulted in lower demand for our products, which has adversely impacted our revenue in the past and, if such conditions continue, it too could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial conditions. We purchase a substantial portion of our raw materials and equipment from foreign suppliers. Please see the risks related to access to raw materials, components, or equipment on page 16. In addition, we own product assembly and testing facilities, and finished goods warehouses near Bangkok, Thailand, which has experienced periods of political instability and severe flooding in the past. There can be no assurance that any future flooding or political instability in Thailand would not have a material adverse impact on our operations. We have a test facility in Calamba, the Philippines, and specialized test and assembly facilities for our aerospace and defense products in Germany, France, Ireland, the United Kingdom, the Philippines, Thailand, and the United States. We use foundries and other foreign contractors for a significant portion of our assembly and testing and wafer fabrication requirements. Our reliance on foreign operations, foreign suppliers, maintenance of substantially all of our finished goods inventory at foreign locations and significant foreign sales exposes us to foreign political and economic risks, including, but not limited to: •economic uncertainty in the worldwide markets we serve; •trade restrictions and changes in tariffs; •political instability, including changes in relations between China and Taiwan which could disrupt the operations of our Taiwan-based third-party wafer foundries, and subcontractors; •social and economic instability due to public health concerns, wars, or other factors; •supply chain disruptions or delays; •potentially adverse tax consequences; •import and export license requirements and restrictions; •changes in laws related to taxes, trade, environmental, health and safety, technical standards, climate change, and consumer protection; •restrictions on the transfer of funds, including currency controls in China, which could negatively affect the amount and timing of certain customer payments, and as a results our cash flows; •currency fluctuations and foreign exchange regulations; •difficulties in staffing and managing international operations; •employment regulations; •disruptions due to cybersecurity incidents; •disruptions in international transport or delivery; •public health conditions (including viral outbreaks such as COVID-19); and •difficulties in collecting receivables and longer payment cycles. If any of these risks occur or are worse than we anticipate, our sales could decrease and our operating results could suffer, we could face an increase in the cost of components, production delays, business interruptions, delays in obtaining export licenses, or denials of such licenses, tariffs and trade restrictions, longer payment cycles, increased taxes, restrictions on the repatriation of funds and the burdens of complying with a variety of foreign laws, any of which could ultimately have a material adverse effect on our business. Further changes in trade policy, tariffs, additional taxes, or restrictions on supplies, 19 19 19 Table of Contents Table of Contents equipment, and raw materials including rare earth minerals, may limit our ability to produce products, increase our selling and/or manufacturing costs, decrease margins, reduce the competitiveness of our products, or inhibit our ability to sell products or purchase necessary equipment and supplies, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial conditions. --- ## Modified: We face risks to our business and proprietary confidential information due to use of AI. **Key changes:** - Reworded sentence: "We limit our employees' use of AI tools, such as ChatGPT, in accordance with our internal guidelines and procedures." - Reworded sentence: "Use of AI tools may result in claims related to violation of privacy or third-party intellectual property rights, unauthorized access to or use of proprietary information, or government regulated data (e.g., controlled unclassified information, ITAR, export-controlled data), and noncompliance with actual or asserted legal, contractual, or other obligations (including open source requirements)." **Prior (2025):** We limit our employees' use of third-party and open-source AI tools, such as ChatGPT, in accordance with our internal guidelines and procedures. However, the internal governance of the use of these technologies can be challenging, and our employees and consultants may use these tools on an unauthorized basis and our partners may use these tools, which poses additional risks relating to the protection of data, including the potential exposure of our proprietary confidential or other controlled information to unauthorized recipients and the misuse of our or third-party intellectual property. Use of AI tools may result in allegations or claims against us related to violation of third-party intellectual property rights, unauthorized access to or use of proprietary information, failure to comply with open-source software requirements, and failure to comply with actual or asserted legal or other obligations. AI tools may also produce inaccurate responses that could lead to errors in our decision-making, product development or other business activities, which could have a negative impact on our business, operating results and financial condition. Our ability to mitigate these risks will depend on our continued effective 28 28 28 Table of Contents Table of Contents maintaining, training, monitoring and enforcement of appropriate guidelines and procedures governing the use of AI tools, and the results of any such use, by us or our partners. **Current (2026):** We limit our employees' use of AI tools, such as ChatGPT, in accordance with our internal guidelines and procedures. However, the internal governance of the use of these technologies can be challenging, and our employees and consultants may use these tools on an unauthorized basis and our partners may use these tools, which poses additional risks relating to the protection of data, including the potential exposure of our proprietary confidential or other controlled information to unauthorized recipients and the misuse of our or third-party intellectual property. Use of AI tools may result in claims related to violation of privacy or third-party intellectual property rights, unauthorized access to or use of proprietary information, or government regulated data (e.g., controlled unclassified information, ITAR, export-controlled data), and noncompliance with actual or asserted legal, contractual, or other obligations (including open source requirements). AI tools may also produce unreliable, inaccurate, inferential, unexplainable or biased outputs that could lead to errors in our decision-making, product development or other business activities, which could have a negative impact on our business, operating results and financial condition. Our ability to mitigate these risks will depend on our continued effective maintaining, training, monitoring and enforcement of appropriate guidelines and procedures governing the use of AI tools, and the results of any such use, by us or our partners. --- ## Modified: Sales into governmental projects, and compliance with associated regulations, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. **Key changes:** - Reworded sentence: "or foreign government agencies." - Reworded sentence: "or foreign government projects are subject to uncertain government appropriations and national defense policies and priorities, including the budgetary process, changes in the timing and spending priorities, the impact of any past or future government shutdowns, contract terminations or renegotiations, future sequestrations, changes in regulations that we must comply with to be eligible to accept new contracts, such as the U.S." - Reworded sentence: "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (the FY2023 NDAA), signed into law on December 23, 2022, with provisions that go into effect in December 2027, prohibits U.S." - Reworded sentence: "If we are unable to alternately source or manufacture certain of our products, or discontinue use of products from Prohibited Companies, if any, when Section 5949 of the FY2023 NDAA go into effect in December 2027, this could adversely impact our sales to U.S." - Reworded sentence: "Sales into government projects are also subject to uncertainties related to monetary, regulatory, and tax and trade policies implemented by current or future administrations." **Prior (2025):** A significant portion of our sales are from or are derived from government agencies or customers who sell to U.S. government agencies. Such sales are subject to uncertainties regarding governmental spending levels, spending priorities, regulatory and policy changes. Future sales into U.S. government projects are subject to uncertain government appropriations and national defense policies and priorities, including the budgetary process, changes in the timing and spending priorities, the impact of any past or future government shutdowns, contract terminations or renegotiations, future sequestrations, changes in regulations that we must comply with to be eligible to accept new contracts, such as the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification requirements, or the impact of pandemics. For example, in fiscal 2022, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we experienced suspensions and stop work orders for some of our subcontracts. Additionally, a section in the U.S. National Defense Authorization Act of 2023 (the NDAA 2023), signed into law on December 23, 2022, with provisions that go into effect in December 2027, prohibits U.S. government agencies from buying semiconductor products or services manufactured by SMIC, YMTC, CXMT and any other entity that the Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of Commerce determine is owned, controlled, or connected to the government of a foreign country of concern (Prohibited Companies). Some of our products are manufactured at SMIC, and some of our suppliers buy products manufactured at YMTC. If we are unable to alternately source or manufacture certain of our products, or discontinue use of products from Prohibited Companies, if any, when Section 5949 of the NDAA 2023 goes into effect in December 2027, this could adversely impact our sales to U.S. government agencies and their prime customers. Although such actions have not yet had a material adverse impact on our business, there can be no assurance as to the future costs or implications of such actions. Sales into government projects are also subject to uncertainties related to monetary, regulatory, tax and trade policies implemented by current or future administrations or by the U.S. Congress. Delays, reductions in or terminations of government contracts or subcontracts, including those caused by any past or future shutdown of the U.S. federal government, could materially and adversely affect our operating results. If, in the future, the U.S. government fails to complete its annual budget process, provide for a continuing resolution to fund government operations or increase the federal debt limit, another federal government shutdown may occur, during which we may experience further delays, reductions in or terminations of government contracts or subcontracts, which could materially and adversely affect our operating results. While we generally function as a subcontractor in these type of transactions, further changes in U.S. government procurement regulations and practices, particularly surrounding initiatives to reduce costs or increase compliance obligations (such as the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification), may adversely impact the contracting environment, our ability to hire and retain employees, and our operating results. The U.S. government and its contractors may terminate their contracts with us at any time. Uncertainty in government spending and termination of contracts for government related projects could have a material adverse impact on the revenue from our government related business. Our contracts with U.S. governmental agencies or prime customers require us to comply with the contract terms, and governmental regulations, particularly for our facilities, systems and personnel that service such customers and related to handling of government-regulated data. To be awarded new contracts, we may be required to meet certain levels of the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certifications that we may not meet, or may choose not to meet. We are also required to have facility security clearances to perform classified contracts and to build and sell classified products for U.S. governmental agencies. These clearances are subject to the requirements and regulations including the National Industrial Security Program Operating Manual that governs the protection of classified information released or disclosed in connection with the performance of classified government contracts. We must also comply with regulations regarding the handling of controlled unclassified information and export-controlled data. Complying with these regulations, including audit requirements, requires that we devote significant resources to such matters in terms of training, personnel, information technology and facilities. The increased cost of compliance may adversely affect our operating results. Any failure to comply with these requirements and regulations may result in fines and penalties, or loss of current or future business including our ability to continue as a supplier to U.S. governmental agencies and its contractors and may materially and adversely affect our operating results. **Current (2026):** A significant portion of our sales are from or are derived from government agencies or customers who sell to U.S. or foreign government agencies. Such sales are subject to federal contracting regulations as well as uncertainties regarding governmental spending levels, spending priorities, regulatory and policy changes. Future sales into U.S. or foreign government projects are subject to uncertain government appropriations and national defense policies and priorities, including the budgetary process, changes in the timing and spending priorities, the impact of any past or future government shutdowns, contract terminations or renegotiations, future sequestrations, changes in regulations that we must comply with to be eligible to accept new contracts, such as the U.S. Department of War's Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) program requirements, or the impact of pandemics. Additionally, a section in the U.S. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (the FY2023 NDAA), signed into law on December 23, 2022, with provisions that go into effect in December 2027, prohibits U.S. government agencies from buying semiconductor products or services manufactured by SMIC, YMTC, CXMT and any other entity that the Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of Commerce determine is owned, controlled, or connected to the government of a foreign country of concern (Prohibited Companies). Some of our products are manufactured at SMIC, and some of our suppliers buy products manufactured at YMTC. If we are unable to alternately source or manufacture certain of our products, or discontinue use of products from Prohibited Companies, if any, when Section 5949 of the FY2023 NDAA go into effect in December 2027, this could adversely impact our sales to U.S. government agencies and their prime customers. Although such actions have not yet had a material adverse impact on our business, there can be no assurance as to the future costs or implications of such actions. Sales into government projects are also subject to uncertainties related to monetary, regulatory, and tax and trade policies implemented by current or future administrations. Delays, reductions in or terminations of government contracts or subcontracts, including those caused by any past, current, or future shutdown of the U.S. federal or foreign governments, could materially and adversely affect our operating results. During any future government shutdown, we may experience delays, reductions in or terminations of government purchases, contracts or subcontracts, which could materially and adversely affect our operating results. While we generally 24 24 24 Table of Contents Table of Contents function as a subcontractor in government transactions, further changes in U.S. or foreign government procurement regulations and practices, particularly surrounding initiatives to reduce costs or increase compliance obligations (such as the CMMC in the U.S.), may adversely impact the contracting environment, our ability to enter into or renew contracts, our ability to hire and retain employees, and our operating results. The U.S. government and its contractors may terminate their contracts with us at any time. Uncertainty in government spending and termination of contracts for government related projects could have a material adverse impact on the revenue from our government-related business. Our contracts with U.S. governmental agencies or prime customers require us to comply with the contract terms, and governmental regulations, particularly for our facilities, systems and personnel that service such customers and related to handling of government-regulated data. To be awarded new contracts after November 10, 2025 for the U.S. government, we may be required to meet a CMMC level that we may not meet, or may choose not to meet. Over time, more government contracts may require higher Cybersecurity Maturity Model requirements and if we do not meet them, we will become ineligible for certain contracts. We are also required to have facility security clearances to perform classified contracts and to build and sell classified products for U.S. governmental agencies. If personnel critical to our performance of these contracts are unable to obtain or maintain their security clearances, we may be unable to perform these contracts or compete for other projects of this nature, which could adversely affect our results of operations. We must also comply with regulations regarding the handling of controlled unclassified information and export-controlled data, as well as U.S. Department of War cybersecurity requirements (such as those under the Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR) and Defense Acquisition Regulations (DFARS)). Complying with these regulations, including audit requirements, requires that we devote significant resources to such matters in terms of training, personnel, information technology and facilities. The increased cost of compliance may adversely affect our operating results. In certain circumstances, failure to comply with these requirements, the terms of government contracts, or with other applicable regulations may result in fines and penalties, or loss of current or future business including our ability to continue as a supplier to U.S. governmental agencies and its contractors for a period of time. Any such suspension or debarment or other sanction may materially and adversely affect our operating results or reputation. --- ## Modified: Risks Related to Our Business, Operations, and Industry **Key changes:** - Reworded sentence: "•impact of global economic conditions on our operating results, net sales and profitability; •impact of economic conditions on the financial viability and performance of our licensees, customers, distributors, or suppliers; •impact of supplier disruptions affecting the availability and cost of raw materials, components, or equipment; •impact of restrictions, export controls, or other limitations on critical materials sourced from concentrated suppliers reducing sales; •dependence on wafer foundries and other contractors by our licensees and ourselves; •dependence on foreign sales, suppliers, and operations, which exposes us to foreign political and economic risks; •impact of geopolitical instability in the Middle East on the availability of critical semiconductor materials, fuel costs, and our ability to meet customer demand; •dependence on orders received and shipped in the same quarter, limited visibility to product shipments other than those shipped through our certain LTSAs; •intense competition in the markets we serve, leading to pricing pressures, reduced sales or market share; •ability to introduce new products on a timely basis, including in response to market changes driven by AI and other factors, or by changing our product design and manufacturing to more advanced technology nodes; •ineffective utilization of our manufacturing capacity or failure to maintain manufacturing yields; •impact of seasonality and wide fluctuations of supply and demand in the industry; •dependence on distributors; •business interruptions affecting our operations or that of key vendors, licensees or customers; •technology licensing business exposes us to various risks; •the impact of the effects of sustained adverse climate change on our operations; •reliance on sales into governmental projects, and compliance with associated regulations; •risks related to grants from, or tax arrangements with, governments, agencies and research organizations; •ability to realize anticipated benefits from completed or future acquisitions or divestitures; •future impairments to goodwill or intangible assets; •our failure to maintain proper and effective internal control and remediate future control deficiencies; •customer demands to implement business practices that are more stringent than legal requirements; •ability to attract and retain qualified personnel; and •the occurrence of events for which we are self-insured, or which exceed our insurance limits." **Prior (2025):** •impact of global economic conditions on our operating results, net sales and profitability; •impact of economic conditions on the financial viability and performance of our licensees, customers, distributors, or suppliers; •impact of price increases, increased tariffs, raw material availability or other factors affecting our suppliers; •dependence on wafer foundries and other contractors by our licensees and ourselves; •dependence on foreign sales, suppliers, and operations, which exposes us to foreign political and economic risks; •dependence on orders received and shipped in the same quarter, limited visibility to product shipments other than those shipped through our LTSAs; •intense competition in the markets we serve, leading to pricing pressures, reduced sales or market share; 13 13 13 Table of Contents Table of Contents •ineffective utilization of our manufacturing capacity or failure to maintain manufacturing yields; •impact of seasonality and wide fluctuations of supply and demand in the industry; •dependence on distributors; •ability to introduce new products on a timely basis; •business interruptions affecting our operations or that of key vendors, licensees or customers; •technology licensing business exposes us to various risks; •the impact of the effects of sustained adverse climate change on our operations; •reliance on sales into governmental projects, and compliance with associated regulations; •risks related to grants from, or tax arrangements with, governments, agencies and research organizations; •ability to realize anticipated benefits from completed or future acquisitions or divestitures; •future impairments to goodwill or intangible assets; •our failure to maintain proper and effective internal control and remediate future control deficiencies; •customer demands to implement business practices that are more stringent than legal requirements; •ability to attract and retain qualified personnel; and •the occurrence of events for which we are self-insured, or which exceed our insurance limits. **Current (2026):** •impact of global economic conditions on our operating results, net sales and profitability; •impact of economic conditions on the financial viability and performance of our licensees, customers, distributors, or suppliers; •impact of supplier disruptions affecting the availability and cost of raw materials, components, or equipment; •impact of restrictions, export controls, or other limitations on critical materials sourced from concentrated suppliers reducing sales; •dependence on wafer foundries and other contractors by our licensees and ourselves; •dependence on foreign sales, suppliers, and operations, which exposes us to foreign political and economic risks; •impact of geopolitical instability in the Middle East on the availability of critical semiconductor materials, fuel costs, and our ability to meet customer demand; •dependence on orders received and shipped in the same quarter, limited visibility to product shipments other than those shipped through our certain LTSAs; •intense competition in the markets we serve, leading to pricing pressures, reduced sales or market share; •ability to introduce new products on a timely basis, including in response to market changes driven by AI and other factors, or by changing our product design and manufacturing to more advanced technology nodes; •ineffective utilization of our manufacturing capacity or failure to maintain manufacturing yields; •impact of seasonality and wide fluctuations of supply and demand in the industry; •dependence on distributors; •business interruptions affecting our operations or that of key vendors, licensees or customers; •technology licensing business exposes us to various risks; •the impact of the effects of sustained adverse climate change on our operations; •reliance on sales into governmental projects, and compliance with associated regulations; •risks related to grants from, or tax arrangements with, governments, agencies and research organizations; •ability to realize anticipated benefits from completed or future acquisitions or divestitures; •future impairments to goodwill or intangible assets; •our failure to maintain proper and effective internal control and remediate future control deficiencies; •customer demands to implement business practices that are more stringent than legal requirements; •ability to attract and retain qualified personnel; and •the occurrence of events for which we are self-insured, or which exceed our insurance limits. --- ## Modified: Our business, financial condition and operating results may be adversely impacted by policies implemented globally by the current or future administrations. **Key changes:** - Reworded sentence: "sanctions imposed on Russia, Belarus, and Russia-controlled areas of Ukraine." - Reworded sentence: "Retaliatory acts by Russia in response to the sanctions could include cyber-attacks, sanctions, or other actions that could disrupt the U.S." **Prior (2025):** The U.S. and certain other global jurisdictions in which we operate, have taken and have threatened to take significant legislative and policy changes in areas including but not limited to tariffs, taxes and trade, labor, and the environment. If implemented, these changes could increase our effective tax rate, decrease our revenue and increase our selling, general, administrative and/or manufacturing costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial conditions. Changes in tariffs, tax policy, trade regulations or other matters, and any uncertainty surrounding the scope or timing of such changes, could negatively impact the stock market, and reduce the trading price of our stock or otherwise impact our business. For example, in February 2022, the U.S. began implementing widescale sanctions against Russia due to Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Sanctions against Belarus and certain Ukrainian regions were later implemented. Because the actions by Russia against Ukraine are in conflict with our Guiding Values, we chose to cease shipments into Russia and Belarus, and we will continue to comply with applicable U.S. sanctions regarding Ukraine. While sales of our products into these regions, and to customers that sell into these regions, have been negatively impacted, at this time, we have not experienced a material adverse impact on our revenue. Retaliatory acts by Russia in response to the sanctions could include cyber-attacks, sanctions, or other actions that could disrupt the economy. As a result of the foregoing risks or similar risks, 34 34 34 Table of Contents Table of Contents the imposition of sanctions could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. New technology trends, such as AI and cyber resiliency and security requirements, require us and our customers to keep pace with evolving regulations and industry standards. In the U.S., the EU, and China, there are various current and proposed regulatory frameworks relating to the use of AI in products and services. We expect that the legal and regulatory environment relating to emerging technologies such as AI will continue to develop and impact both us and our customers. These changes could impact our internal use and development of AI, and could increase the cost of doing business, and create compliance risks and potential liability, all of which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. **Current (2026):** The U.S. and certain other global jurisdictions in which we operate, have taken and have threatened to take significant legislative and policy changes in areas including but not limited to tariffs, taxes and trade, labor, and the environment. If implemented, these changes could increase our effective tax rate, decrease our revenue and increase our selling, general, administrative and/or manufacturing costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial conditions. Changes in tariffs, tax policy, trade regulations or other matters, and any uncertainty surrounding the scope or timing of such changes, could negatively impact the stock market, and reduce the trading price of our stock or otherwise impact our business. For example, in February 2022, the U.S. began implementing widescale sanctions against Russia due to Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Sanctions against Belarus and certain Ukrainian regions were later implemented. Because the actions by Russia against Ukraine are in conflict with our Guiding Values, we chose to cease shipments into Russia and Belarus, and we will continue to comply with applicable U.S. sanctions imposed on Russia, Belarus, and Russia-controlled areas of Ukraine. While sales of our products into these regions, and to customers that sell into these regions, have been negatively impacted, at this time, we have not experienced a material adverse impact on our revenue. Retaliatory acts by Russia in response to the sanctions could include cyber-attacks, sanctions, or other actions that could disrupt the U.S. economy. As a result of the foregoing risks or similar risks, the imposition of sanctions could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. New technology trends, such as cyber resiliency and security requirements and the rapid adoption of AI, require us, and our customers and suppliers, to keep pace with evolving regulations and industry standards. In the U.S., the EU, and China, there are various current and proposed regulatory frameworks relating to cybersecurity, AI development, and the deployment of automation and AI in products, services and operations, including the EU AI Act, China's generative AI regulations, and various current or proposed U.S. federal and state AI and/or cybersecurity legislative or governance frameworks, executive orders, rules, regulations and laws. The EU AI Act, which has a phased implementation schedule, imposes requirements on AI systems based on their risk classification, and may require conformity assessments, registration, and ongoing monitoring for certain AI systems. We expect that the legal and regulatory environment relating to emerging technologies such as AI will continue to develop and impact us and our customers and supply chain. --- ## Modified: We are dependent on wafer foundries and other contractors, as are our SuperFlash and other licensees. **Key changes:** - Reworded sentence: "Specifically, during fiscal 2026 and fiscal 2025, approximately 65% and 64%, respectively, of our net sales came from products that were produced at outside wafer foundries." - Reworded sentence: "Specifically, during fiscal 2026, approximately 33% of our assembly requirements and 31% of our test requirements were performed by third-party contractors compared to approximately 33% of our assembly requirements and 33% of our test requirements during fiscal 2025." - Reworded sentence: "As more companies focus on building leading edge products, our 17 17 17 Table of Contents Table of Contents manufacturing subcontractors are becoming capacity constrained in their ability to manufacture such products." - Removed sentence: "In August 2022, the U.S." - Removed sentence: "government passed the CHIPS Act to provide billions of dollars of cash incentives and a new investment tax credit to increase domestic manufacturing capacity in our industry." **Prior (2025):** We rely on outside wafer foundries for a significant portion of our wafer fabrication needs. Specifically, during fiscal 2025 and fiscal 2024, approximately 64% of our net sales came from products that were produced at outside wafer foundries. We also use several contractors for a portion of the assembly and testing of our products. Specifically, during fiscal 2025, approximately 33% of our assembly requirements and 33% of our test requirements were performed by third-party contractors compared to approximately 41% of our assembly requirements and 29% of our test requirements during fiscal 2024. Due to the amount of inventory of our products that we are holding, we have recently taken actions to decrease our capacity allocation from our wafer fabrication, assembly and test subcontractors. In the event that we need to increase capacity allocation from our wafer fabrication, assembly and test subcontractors in the future there can be no assurance that we will be able to secure the necessary allocation of capacity from our wafer foundries and other contractors, or that such capacity will be available on acceptable terms. As our manufacturing subcontractors move to more advanced process technologies over time, we may find that they do not invest in some of the trailing edge process technologies on which a large portion of our products are manufactured. If this occurs, it may limit the amounts of net sales that we can achieve or require us to make significant investments to be able to manufacture these products in our own facilities or at other foundries and assembly and testing contractors. We expect that our reliance on third party contractors may increase over time as our business grows, and any inability to secure necessary external capacity could adversely affect our operating results. Transitioning production of products to new manufacturers may result in delayed product launches, reduced yields, or decreased product performance. If we encounter issues with product quality, insufficient capacity from a third-party manufacturer, or if we discontinue using a particular manufacturer or contractor, we may face challenges in securing an alternative supply for specific products in a timely manner. This could lead to significant delays in product shipments, potentially having an adverse impact on our results of operations. If our reliance on third-party contractors increases over time, our inability to secure necessary external capacity could adversely affect our operating results. In August 2022, the U.S. government passed the CHIPS Act to provide billions of dollars of cash incentives and a new investment tax credit to increase domestic manufacturing capacity in our industry. We expect to receive the cash benefit associated with the investment tax credit for qualifying capital expenditures in future periods and applied for other incentives provided by the legislation; however, we have not concluded negotiations with the U.S. Department of Commerce and there can be no assurance that we will pursue or receive any such other incentives, what the amount and timing of any incentive we receive will be, as to which other companies will receive incentives and whether the legislation will have a positive or negative impact on our competitive position. If we conclude our CHIPS Act negotiations and receive a CHIPS Act grant, the restrictions and operational requirements that are imposed on CHIPS Act grant recipients could add complexity to our operations and increase our costs. Our use of third parties reduces our control over the subcontracted portions of our business. Our future operating results could suffer if a significant contractor were to experience production difficulties, insufficient capacity, decreased manufacturing, reduced availability of labor, assembly and test yields, or increased costs due to disruptions such as political upheaval, transit disruptions, infrastructure disruption or pandemics. Additionally, our future operating results could suffer if our wafer foundries and other contractors increase the prices of the products and services that they provide to us. If third parties do not timely deliver products or services in accordance with our quality standards, we may be unable to qualify alternate manufacturing sources in a timely manner or on favorable terms, or at all. Additionally, these subcontractors could abandon processes that we need, or fail to adopt technologies that we desire to control costs. In such event, we could experience an interruption in production, an increase in manufacturing costs or a decline in product reliability, and our business and operating results could be adversely affected. Further, use of subcontractors increases the risks of misappropriation of our intellectual property. 17 17 17 Table of Contents Table of Contents Certain of our SuperFlash and other technology licensees rely on wafer foundries. If our licensees experienced disruption in supply at such foundries, this would reduce the revenue from our technology licensing business and would harm our operating results. **Current (2026):** We rely on outside wafer foundries for a significant portion of our wafer fabrication needs. Specifically, during fiscal 2026 and fiscal 2025, approximately 65% and 64%, respectively, of our net sales came from products that were produced at outside wafer foundries. We also use several contractors for a portion of the assembly and testing of our products. Specifically, during fiscal 2026, approximately 33% of our assembly requirements and 31% of our test requirements were performed by third-party contractors compared to approximately 33% of our assembly requirements and 33% of our test requirements during fiscal 2025. We have long-term commitment contracts with certain of our third-party suppliers to help ensure that we receive capacity from them to manufacture wafers and assemble and test our products. We may decide to still purchase products or services under these contracts even though we currently may not need all of them in order to take advantage of contract credits. This could result in excess inventory and inventory reserve charges that may negatively affect our gross margin and results of operations. Additionally, if we have a need for greater manufacturing, assembly or test capacity in the future, or greater capacity for certain types of products, there can be no assurance that we will be able to secure the necessary allocation of capacity from our wafer foundries and other contractors with the process technologies that we need, or that such capacity will be available on acceptable terms. As our manufacturing subcontractors move to more advanced process technologies over time, we may find that they do not invest in some of the trailing edge process technologies on which a large portion of our products are manufactured. As more companies focus on building leading edge products, our 17 17 17 Table of Contents Table of Contents manufacturing subcontractors are becoming capacity constrained in their ability to manufacture such products. These events may limit the amounts of net sales that we can achieve or require us to make significant investments to be able to manufacture these products in our own facilities or at other foundries and assembly and testing contractors, but we believe that we will be able to obtain sufficient capacity from our manufacturing subcontractors. We expect that our reliance on third party contractors may increase over time as our business grows, and any inability to secure necessary external capacity could adversely affect our operating results. Transitioning production of products to new manufacturers may result in delayed product launches, reduced yields, or decreased product performance. If we encounter issues with product quality, insufficient capacity from a third-party manufacturer, or if we discontinue using a particular manufacturer or contractor, we may face challenges in securing an alternative supply for specific products in a timely manner. This could lead to significant delays in product shipments, potentially having an adverse impact on our results of operations. If our reliance on third-party contractors increases over time, our inability to secure necessary external capacity could adversely affect our operating results. Our use of third parties reduces our control over the subcontracted portions of our business. Our future operating results could suffer if a significant contractor were to experience production difficulties, insufficient capacity, decreased manufacturing, reduced availability of labor, assembly and test yields, or increased costs due to disruptions such as political upheaval, transit disruptions, infrastructure disruption or pandemics. Additionally, our future operating results could suffer if our wafer foundries and other contractors increase the prices of the products and services that they provide to us. If third parties do not timely deliver products or services in accordance with our quality standards, we may be unable to qualify alternate manufacturing sources in a timely manner or on favorable terms, or at all. Additionally, these subcontractors could abandon processes that we need, or fail to adopt technologies that we desire to control costs. In such event, we could experience an interruption in production, an increase in manufacturing costs or a decline in product reliability, and our business and operating results could be adversely affected. Further, use of subcontractors increases the risks of misappropriation of our intellectual property. Certain of our SuperFlash and other technology licensees rely on wafer foundries. If our licensees experienced disruption in supply at such foundries, this would reduce the revenue from our technology licensing business and would harm our operating results. --- ## Modified: Exposure to greater than anticipated income tax liabilities, changes in tax rates, laws and regulations, changes in the interpretation of tax laws and regulations, or unfavorable assessments from tax audits and examinations could affect our effective tax rates, financial condition and results of operations. **Key changes:** - Reworded sentence: "Our future effective tax rates, financial condition and results from operations could be unfavorably affected by several factors." **Prior (2025):** We are a U.S.-based multinational company subject to tax in many U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. Our income tax obligations could be affected by many factors, including changes to our operating structure, intercompany arrangements and tax planning strategies. Our income tax expense is computed based on tax rates at the time of the respective financial period. Our future effective tax rates, financial condition and results from operations could be unfavorably affected by changes in the tax rates in jurisdictions where our income is earned, by changes in the tax rules and regulations, including those that align with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's Base Erosion Profit Shifting recommendations, or the interpretation of tax rules and regulations in the jurisdictions in which we do business by changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets, changes in the geographic mix of our earnings among jurisdictions, challenges by tax authorities to our tax positions and intercompany transfer pricing arrangements, failure to meet performance obligations with respect to tax incentive agreements, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, adverse resolution of audits and examinations of previously filed tax returns. **Current (2026):** We are a U.S.-based multinational company subject to tax in many U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. Our income tax obligations could be affected by many factors, including changes to our operating structure, intercompany arrangements and tax planning strategies. Our income tax expense is computed based on tax rates at the time of the respective financial period. Our future effective tax rates, financial condition and results from operations could be unfavorably affected by several factors. These include changes in tax rates, tax laws, and tax regulations and how those laws are interpreted in jurisdictions where our income is earned. This also applies to jurisdictions that align with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's Base Erosion Profit Shifting recommendations. Other risks include changes to the valuation of our deferred tax assets and changes in where we earn our income geographically. We may also face challenges from tax authorities to our tax positions and intercompany transfer pricing agreements. Additional risks include not meeting performance obligations 36 36 36 Table of Contents Table of Contents with respect to tax incentive agreements, changes in foreign currency exchange rates, and adverse resolution of audits and examinations of previously filed tax returns. --- ## Modified: Our business is dependent on distributors to service our end customers. **Key changes:** - Reworded sentence: "Sales to distributors accounted for approximately 47% of our net sales in fiscal 2026 and approximately 45% of our net sales in fiscal 2025." - Reworded sentence: "or global economies, labor markets, or credit markets, whether resulting from tariffs or other factors, could materially impact distributor operations." - Reworded sentence: "For example, in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023, in fiscal 2024 and in fiscal 2025, we accommodated requests by end customers to push-out certain distributor orders to help them manage inventory levels and, in some cases, to help other end customers that are experiencing supply shortages." **Prior (2025):** Sales to distributors accounted for approximately 45% of our net sales in fiscal 2025 and approximately 47% of our net sales in fiscal 2024. With the exception of certain orders placed under our LTSAs, we do not have long-term purchase agreements with our distributors, and we and our distributors may each terminate our relationship with little or no advance notice. Future adverse conditions in the U.S. or global economies and labor markets or credit markets due to tariffs or other factors could materially impact distributor operations. Any deterioration in the financial condition, or disruption in the operations of our distributors, would likely adversely impact the flow of our products to our end customers and adversely impact our results of operation. In addition, during an industry or economic downturn (including in recent periods), there may be an oversupply and decrease in demand for our products, which could reduce our net sales in a given period, increase order push-outs, increase inventory returns, and cause us to carry elevated levels of inventory. For example, in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023, in fiscal 2024 and in fiscal 2025, we have accommodated requests by customers to push-out certain orders to help them manage inventory levels and, in some cases, to help other customers that are experiencing supply shortages. As a result of the foregoing, we have incurred charges in connection with obsolete or excess inventory, or we may not fully recover our costs, which would reduce our gross margins. Violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, export controls and sanction laws, or similar laws, by our distributors could have a material adverse impact on our business. **Current (2026):** Sales to distributors accounted for approximately 47% of our net sales in fiscal 2026 and approximately 45% of our net sales in fiscal 2025. With the exception of certain orders placed under our LTSAs, we do not have long-term purchase agreements with our distributors, and we and our distributors may each terminate our relationship with little or no advance notice. Future adverse conditions in the U.S. or global economies, labor markets, or credit markets, whether resulting from tariffs or other factors, could materially impact distributor operations. Any deterioration in the financial condition, disruption in the operations of our distributors, or disruption of our ability to conduct business with our distributors would likely adversely impact the flow of our products to our end customers and adversely impact our results of operation. For example, on October 8, 2025, certain subsidiaries of Arrow Electronics (Arrow) were placed on the U.S. Department of Commerce Entity List. As a result, we could not ship or transfer products or other items that are governed by the U.S. Export Administration regulations (EAR) to those entities until they were removed from the Entity List. Nine days later, the U.S. Department of Commerce authorized Arrow and its subsidiaries to continue with certain transactions and indicated that Arrow and its subsidiaries would be removed from the Entity List. We worked to minimize disruptions in our supply chain during this period. There was no material impact to Microchip or its customers as a result of this interruption in shipments to certain subsidiaries of Arrow. In addition, during an industry or economic downturn (including in recent periods), there may be an oversupply and decrease in demand for our products, which could reduce our net sales in a given period, increase order push-outs, increase inventory returns, and cause us to carry elevated levels of inventory. For example, in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023, in fiscal 2024 and in fiscal 2025, we accommodated requests by end customers to push-out certain distributor orders to help them manage inventory levels and, in some cases, to help other end customers that are experiencing supply shortages. As a result of the foregoing, we incurred charges in connection with obsolete or excess inventory, or we may not fully recover our costs, which would reduce our gross margins. Violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, export controls and sanction laws, or similar laws, by our distributors could have a material adverse impact on our business. --- ## Modified: Our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely impacted if we do not effectively manage or refinance our current or future debt. **Key changes:** - Reworded sentence: "As of March 31, 2026, the principal amount of our outstanding indebtedness was $5.54 billion." **Prior (2025):** As of March 31, 2025, the principal amount of our outstanding indebtedness was $5.66 billion. At March 31, 2025, we had no outstanding borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility which provides up to $2.25 billion of revolving loan commitments that terminate in 2030 and $175.0 million in outstanding principal amount of our Commercial Paper. At March 31, 2025, we had $4.20 billion in aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes and $1.29 billion in aggregate principal of Convertible Debt outstanding. With respect to such balance of Senior Notes, our 4.250% 2025 Notes in the principal amount of $1.20 billion matures on September 1, 2025, and we intend to finance the repayment of such notes using available borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility or our Commercial Paper program. Since interest rates have increased since we issued our 4.250% 2025 Notes, we expect our interest expense will increase if we refinance such notes using our Revolving Credit Facility or our Commercial Paper Program or other instruments. Also, if we refinance such fixed rate notes with variable rate debt, changes in interest rates will have a more significant impact on our interest expense in future periods. There can be no assurance that we will be able to refinance our current or future debt on reasonable terms, if at all. **Current (2026):** As of March 31, 2026, the principal amount of our outstanding indebtedness was $5.54 billion. At March 31, 2026, we had no outstanding borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility, which provides $2.25 billion of revolving loan commitments that terminate in 2030, and $349.0 million outstanding principal amount under our Commercial Paper program. As of March 31, 2026, we had $3.00 billion in aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes and $2.19 billion in aggregate principal of Convertible Debt outstanding. We intend to finance the repayment of our fixed rate debt maturing within the next 12 months using new fixed rate debt, new notes or convertible debt or by using available borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility, our Commercial Paper program or other instruments. Changes in interest rates will have a more significant impact on our interest expense if we refinance our fixed rate debt with variable rate debt. There can be no assurance that we will be able to refinance our current or future debt on reasonable terms, if at all. --- ## Modified: Issues relating to the use of our technologies, including AI, may result in reputational or financial harm and liability. **Key changes:** - Reworded sentence: "Differing opinions and regulations regarding what constitutes the responsible use of technologies, including evolving technologies such as AI, in our internal operations, products and services may result in reputational or financial harm and liability and may cause us to incur costs to resolve such issues." **Prior (2025):** Concerns relating to the responsible use of technologies, including new and evolving technologies such as AI, in our internal operations, products and services may result in reputational or financial harm and liability and may cause us to incur costs to resolve such issues. AI poses emerging legal, social, and ethical issues and presents risks and challenges that could affect its adoption, and therefore our business. If we enable or offer solutions that draw controversy due to their perceived or actual impact on society, such as AI solutions that have unintended consequences, infringe copyright or rights of publicity, or are controversial because of their impact on human rights, privacy, employment or other social, economic or political issues, or if we are unable to develop effective internal policies and frameworks relating to the responsible development and use of AI enabling products, we may experience brand or reputational harm, competitive harm or legal liability. Complying with regulations from different jurisdictions related to AI could increase our cost of doing business, may change the way that we operate in certain jurisdictions, or may impede our ability to use AI in our internal operations or offer certain products and services in certain jurisdictions if we are unable to comply with regulations. Compliance with existing and proposed government regulation of AI, including in jurisdictions such as the EU, may also increase the cost of related research and development, and create additional reporting and/or transparency requirements. New and updated AI regulations could impose onerous obligations that may disadvantage us and require us to change our business practices, which may negatively impact our financial results. **Current (2026):** Differing opinions and regulations regarding what constitutes the responsible use of technologies, including evolving technologies such as AI, in our internal operations, products and services may result in reputational or financial harm and liability and may cause us to incur costs to resolve such issues. If we enable or offer solutions that draw controversy due to their perceived or actual societal impact, such as solutions with unintended consequences, or those that raise concerns related to human rights, privacy, employment or other social or political issues, or if we are unable to maintain effective internal mechanisms for the responsible development, deployment, and use of technologies, including AI enabling products, we may experience brand or reputational harm, competitive harm or legal liability. AI introduces new legal, social and ethical issues, risks and challenges that may slow adoption of AI-enabled products and services, reduce market acceptance, delay commercialization, alter customer purchasing behavior, or adversely affect our business model, competitive position and operating results. --- ## Modified: From time to time we receive grants from governments, agencies and research organizations, or enter into tax arrangements. If we are unable to comply with the terms of those grants or arrangements, we may not be able to receive or recognize benefits or we may be required to repay benefits, recognize related charges, or could be required to implement certain limitations on our business, which would adversely affect our operating results and financial position. **Key changes:** - Reworded sentence: "Regulations associated with government grants may contain certain restrictions on grant recipient technology licensing activities and the expansion of certain facilities." **Prior (2025):** From time to time, we have received, and may in the future receive, economic incentive grants, tax benefits, and allowances from national, state and local governments, agencies and research organizations targeted at increasing employment, production or investment at specific locations. Tax arrangements and subsidy grant agreements typically contain economic incentive, headcount, capital and research and development expenditures and other covenants that must be met to receive and retain benefits, and these programs can be subjected to periodic review by the relevant governments. The CHIPS Act and its associated regulations, for example, may contain certain restrictions on grant recipient technology licensing activities and the expansion of certain facilities. Compliance with these restrictions could add complexity to our operations and increase our costs. In addition, noncompliance with the conditions of the grants or arrangements could result in our forfeiture of all or a portion of any future amounts to be received, as well as the repayment of all or a portion of amounts received to date. We may be unable to obtain future incentives to continue to fund a portion of our capital expenditures and operating costs, without which our cost structure would be adversely impacted. Further, any decrease in amounts received could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition. **Current (2026):** From time to time, we have received, and may in the future receive, economic incentive grants, tax benefits, and allowances from national, state and local governments, agencies and research organizations targeted at increasing employment, production or investment at specific locations. Tax arrangements and subsidy grant agreements typically contain economic incentive, headcount, capital and research and development expenditures and other covenants that must be met to receive and retain benefits, and these programs can be subjected to periodic review by the relevant governments. Regulations associated with government grants may contain certain restrictions on grant recipient technology licensing activities and the expansion of certain facilities. Compliance with these restrictions could add complexity to our operations and increase our costs. In addition, noncompliance with the conditions of the grants or arrangements could result in our forfeiture of all or a portion of any future amounts to be received, as well as the repayment of all or a portion of amounts received to date. We may be unable to obtain future incentives to continue to fund a portion of our capital expenditures and operating costs, without which our cost structure would be adversely impacted. Further, any decrease in amounts received could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition. --- ## Modified: Our operating results may be adversely impacted by the inability of our key suppliers to provide us with necessary raw materials, components, or equipment. **Key changes:** - Reworded sentence: "Our manufacturing operations require a continuous supply of raw and processed materials, components, and production equipment that must meet stringent performance and quality standards." **Prior (2025):** Our manufacturing operations require raw and processed materials and equipment that must meet exacting standards. We generally have multiple sources for these supplies, but there may be a limited number of suppliers capable of meeting our standards. We have experienced supply shortages from time to time in the past, and on occasion our suppliers have told us they need more time to fill our orders, that they cannot fill certain orders, that they will no longer support certain equipment with updates or parts, or that they are increasing prices. In particular, in fiscal 2023 and in fiscal 2022, we experienced increased prices at certain suppliers for certain materials required for production purposes. However, in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2025, the pricing environment stabilized compared to the two prior fiscal years. An interruption of any materials or equipment sources, or the lack of supplier support for a particular piece of equipment, could harm our business. The supplies necessary for our business could become more difficult to obtain as worldwide use of semiconductors increases, or due to supply chain disruptions, transit disruptions, trade restrictions or political instability. Additionally, consolidation in our supply chain due to mergers and acquisitions may reduce the number of suppliers or change our relationships with them. Also, the reduced availability of necessary labor, the application of sanctions, trade restrictions or tariffs by the U.S. or other countries or the impact of public health concerns, may adversely impact the industry supply chain. The U.S. has imposed additional tariffs on imports, and certain countries have imposed retaliatory tariffs on imports that have the U.S. as their country of origin. For example, in March and April 2025, the U.S imposed tariffs on imports from China and other countries and foreign governments imposed tariffs on imports from the U.S. It is unclear what tariffs will apply to semiconductors during this time of change. Additional tariffs imposed on components, raw materials, or equipment may increase our costs and have an adverse impact on our operating results in future periods. We may also incur increases in manufacturing costs in mitigating the impact of tariffs on our operations. We will attempt to mitigate the impact of those tariffs on our business but may experience an increase in operating costs, impaired sourcing flexibility, and reduced demand for our products, resulting in reduced revenue. Our customers may also be adversely affected by the tariffs and other issues described above. The labor, supplies and equipment necessary for their businesses could become more difficult to obtain for various reasons not limited to business interruptions of suppliers, reduced availability of labor, transit disruptions, consolidation in their supply chain, or sanctions, trade restrictions or tariffs or the impact of public health concerns that impair sourcing flexibility or increase costs. If our customers are not able to produce their products, then their need for our products will decrease. Such interruptions of our customers' businesses could harm our business. We do not, nor have we historically, purchased significant amounts of equipment from Russia, Belarus, or Ukraine. However, the semiconductor industry, and purchasers of semiconductors, use raw materials that are sourced from these regions, such as neon, palladium, cesium, rubidium, and nickel. If we, or our direct or indirect customers, are unable to obtain the requisite raw materials or components needed to manufacture products, our ability to manufacture products, or demand for our products, may be adversely impacted. This could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. While there has been an adverse impact on the world's palladium, neon, cesium, and rubidium supply chains, at this time, our supply chains have been able to meet our needs. While sales of our products into Russia, Belarus and Ukraine and to customers that sell into these countries, have been negatively impacted by the Russian invasion of Ukraine, at this time, we have not experienced a material impact on our business, results of operations or financial conditions. Further, because we do not support the actions of Russia against Ukraine, in March 2022 we stopped selling products to customers 16 16 16 Table of Contents Table of Contents and distributors located in Russia and Belarus. Additionally, certain materials are primarily available in a limited number of countries, including rare earth elements, minerals, and metals. Trade disputes, geopolitical tensions, economic circumstances, transit disruptions, political conditions, or public health issues, may limit our ability to obtain materials or equipment. Although rare earth and other materials are generally available from multiple suppliers, China is the predominant producer of certain of these materials. In April 2025, China imposed export restrictions on certain rare earth minerals. If China were to further restrict or stop exporting these materials or pressure other countries to do so, our suppliers' ability to obtain such supply may be constrained and we may be unable to obtain sufficient quantities, or obtain supply in a timely manner, or at a commercially reasonable cost. Constrained supply of rare earth elements, minerals, and metals may restrict our ability to manufacture certain of our products and make it difficult or impossible to compete with other semiconductor memory manufacturers who are able to obtain sufficient quantities of these materials from China or other countries. **Current (2026):** Our manufacturing operations require a continuous supply of raw and processed materials, components, and production equipment that must meet stringent performance and quality standards. Although we generally maintain multiple sources for these items, only a limited number of suppliers may be capable of meeting our technical requirements. From time to time, we have experienced supply shortages, extended lead times, supplier announcements that certain orders could not be fulfilled, or the discontinuation of updates or parts for certain equipment. For example, in fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022, we experienced cost increases from certain suppliers for materials used in our production processes; although conditions stabilized in fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2025, similar cost pressures may recur. Any interruption in the supply of raw materials, components, or equipment - or reduced supplier support for key manufacturing tools - could adversely affect our ability to produce products in the required volumes or on expected timelines. Supply availability may be further limited as global semiconductor demand increases, suppliers shift production toward higher cost or more complex products, or as a result of supply chain disruptions, transit delays, or political instability. For example, as memory manufacturers transition to more advanced products, availability of the memory components we use may become constrained, have longer lead times, or become more expensive. Consolidation among suppliers may reduce supply alternatives or alter our commercial relationships. In addition, reduced labor availability or public health concerns may further impact the supply chain. Any of these factors could increase our manufacturing costs, impair our sourcing flexibility, delay our production schedules, and adversely affect our operating results. Additionally, our sales may be adversely impacted if tariffs or government trade actions restrict access to needed supplies. Tariffs, trade restrictions, and evolving global trade policies pose risks to our supply chain, cost structure, and customer demand. Beginning in 2018 and continuing through 2026, the U.S. imposed additional tariffs on various imports, and several countries have imposed retaliatory tariffs on goods originating from the U.S. Although semiconductors currently remain exempt from certain U.S. tariffs under the ongoing Section 232 investigation, many inputs used in semiconductor manufacturing - including chemicals, metals, and equipment - remain subject to country specific tariffs or may become subject to new duties. The tariff landscape remains uncertain and may change with limited notice. New or increased tariffs imposed on raw materials, components, equipment, or other inputs used in our production processes could increase our manufacturing costs. We may also incur incremental costs associated with supply chain adjustments undertaken to mitigate the effects of trade restrictions or tariffs. While we attempt to reduce cost burdens and secure alternative supply arrangements, we may experience higher operating costs, reduced sourcing flexibility, or lower demand for our products if customers face higher input costs or trade related disruptions. 16 16 16 Table of Contents Table of Contents Tariffs and trade restrictions also affect our customers. If customers face reduced availability of labor, materials, or components, whether due to trade restrictions, supplier disruptions, escalating shipping constraints, or public health issues, they may reduce or suspend production of their own products, leading to decreased demand for our products. For example, in 2025, government actions involving Nexperia (including export control measures and interventions affecting its operations and cross-border shipments) resulted in restricted availability of certain mature-node semiconductors (such as discrete devices and standard logic) that are widely used by automotive and consumer electronics manufacturers. As a result, some of our customers may experience shortages of these components which may reduce their production volumes and, in turn, reduce demand for our products. Any such customer side disruptions may negatively affect our revenue and operating results. On February 20, 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that certain tariffs collected pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) were unconstitutional. On April 20, 2026, the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) began processing refunds through its Consolidated Administration and Processing of Entries (CAPE) portal. Although Microchip was the importer of record for products that were subject to tariffs imposed under IEEPA and should be entitled to a refund, the timing and the amount of any such recovery is not yet clear. As such, this could have a favorable impact on our financial position, operations, or cash flows, but we cannot predict the timing, likelihood, or amount of any refunds or other recoveries we may realize. --- *Data sourced from SEC EDGAR. Last updated 2026-06-01.*