We receive a significant amount of our revenue from a limited number of customers which are comprised of both distributors and direct customers. For example, during fiscal 2025, there were two customers (one distributor and one direct customer) whose revenues represented 10% or more of total net revenue. In addition, net revenue from our ten (10) largest customers, inclusive of our distributor and direct customers, represented 81% of our total net revenue for the fiscal year ended February 1, 2025. Sales to our largest customers have fluctuated significantly from period to period and year to year and will likely continue to fluctuate in the future, primarily due to the timing and number of design wins with customers, the continued diversification of our customer base as we expand into new markets, adverse changes in the political and economic policies of the U.S. or other governments (such as changes in export policies), and natural disasters or other issues. The loss of any of our large customers or a significant reduction in sales we make to them would likely harm our financial condition and results of operations. For example, some of our large customers depend on rapid and continuous innovation and will select partners who can help them deliver innovation at their pace and if we are unable to deliver on these timelines we may miss significant business opportunities. To the extent one or more of our large customers experience financial challenges, bankruptcy or insolvency, this could have a material adverse effect on our sales and our ability to collect on receivables, which could harm our financial condition and results of operations. See also, “Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies - Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers” of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements set forth in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for information on our significant customers for the current reporting period.
If we are unable to increase the number of large customers in key markets, then our operating results in the foreseeable future would be expected to continue to depend on sales to a relatively small number of customers, as well as the ability of these customers to sell products that incorporate our products. In the future, these customers may decide not to purchase our products at all, purchase fewer products than they did in the past, or alter their purchasing patterns in some other way, particularly because:
- a significant portion of our sales are made on a purchase order basis, which allows our customers to cancel, change or delay product purchase commitments with relatively short notice to us;
- customers may purchase similar products from our competitors;
- customers may discontinue sales or lose market share in the markets for which they purchase our products;
- customers, particularly in jurisdictions such as China that may be subject to trade restrictions or tariffs, may develop their own solutions, vertically integrate which may reduce the need for our products, or acquire fully developed solutions from third-parties; or
- customers may be subject to severe business disruptions, including, but not limited to, those driven by recessions, financial instability, actual or threatened public health emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, other global or regional macroeconomic developments, or natural disasters.
In addition, there has been a trend toward customer consolidation in the semiconductor industry through business combinations, including mergers, asset acquisitions and strategic partnerships (for example, Cisco acquired Acacia Communications in 2021). Mergers or restructuring among our customers, or their end customers, could increase our customer concentration with a particular customer or reduce total demand as the combined entities reevaluate their business and consolidate their suppliers. Such future developments, particularly in those end markets that account for more significant portions of our revenues, could harm our business and our results of operations.
In addition, we may be unable to negotiate as favorable terms with larger customers whether those customers resulted from customer consolidation, merger integrations or other reasons, and any such less favorable terms could harm our business and our results of operations.
Given their dependence on semiconductor products to operate their data centers and to ensure continuity of supply and reduce direct costs, some large customers may begin developing and making their own semiconductor solutions which could result in a loss of business for Marvell.
In addition, our sales have recently been, and in the future may continue to be, concentrated in our data center end market. Sales into this end market have fluctuated significantly from period to period and year to year and will likely continue to fluctuate in the future. Customers in this end market may decide in the future not to purchase our products at all, purchase fewer products than they did in the past, or alter their purchasing patterns in some other way. A significant reduction in sales to this end market would greatly reduce our revenues and harm our financial condition and results of operations. Please see “Note 3 – Revenue” of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements set forth in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a more detailed description of sales into our data center end market.