PPL Corporation: 10-K Risk Factor Changes

The regulated utility businesses are capital intensive and require significant investments in energy generation (in the case of LG&E and KU) and transmission, distribution and other infrastructure projects, including providing service to new data centers and large load customers, constructing projects for environmental compliance and maintaining system reliability. The completion of these projects without delays or cost overruns is subject to risks in many areas, including: •approval, licensing and permitting; •land acquisition and the availability of suitable land; •skilled labor or equipment shortages; •construction problems or delays, including disputes with third-party intervenors; •increases in commodity prices or labor rates; •potential supply chain disruptions or delays; and 19 19 19 Table of Contents Table of Contents •contractor performance. PPL is anticipating increases in load demand, creating the need for new power generating resources and transmission facilities. A substantial portion of this demand is driven by the current and projected power needs of data centers to serve an increasingly digital economy and to support artificial intelligence. Extending service to these facilities necessitates significant capital expenditures, which in turn requires sufficient access to sources of capital. These additional capital needs, the increased concentration of business within a single industry based on emerging technologies, and uncertainties regarding the actual capacity required to satisfy the projected new demands of these new industries creates risks for PPL. Ensuring that incremental revenues from these projected new demands cover incremental costs and risks is critical to PPL and its relationship to its existing customers. While contracts with new large load customers typically include provisions for early termination payments, minimum bills, and financial security, these contracts may not fully protect PPL against all risks. Changes in industry practice or advances in the related technologies could reduce the demand for electricity to power data centers or other large load facilities. Additionally, these industries may experience a business downturn, which could cause the loss of current or potential customers or may weaken the financial condition and creditworthiness of existing customers. If anticipated demand growth does not materialize, PPL could experience unrecovered capital investments. Conversely, if demand grows more rapidly than projected, PPL may face challenges in securing adequate generation and transmission capacity and maintaining service reliability. Failure to complete our capital projects on schedule or on budget, or at all, could adversely affect our financial performance, operations and future growth if such expenditures are not granted rate recovery by our regulators.

The regulated utility businesses are capital intensive and require significant investments in energy generation (in the case of LG&E and KU) and transmission, distribution and other infrastructure projects, such as projects for environmental compliance and system reliability. The completion of these projects without delays or cost overruns is subject to risks in many areas, including: •approval, licensing and permitting; •land acquisition and the availability of suitable land; •skilled labor or equipment shortages; •construction problems or delays, including disputes with third-party intervenors; 18 18 18 Table of Contents Table of Contents •increases in commodity prices or labor rates; •potential supply chain disruptions or delays; and •contractor performance. Failure to complete our capital projects on schedule or on budget, or at all, could adversely affect our financial performance, operations and future growth if such expenditures are not granted rate recovery by our regulators.

Because AI technologies remain in the early stages of development and industry standards are still emerging, their use, whether by PPL, its subsidiaries or third-party vendors, presents inherent risks. Although we seek contractual protections and conduct due diligence with third-party vendors that incorporate AI technologies into their products or services, we may not have full visibility into, awareness of, or control over, the underlying data, supply chain dependencies, model training practices, performance, security safeguards, or compliance posture of such AI enabled tools. AI algorithms that we or our third-party vendors use may be flawed or may be based on datasets that are biased or insufficient, which may introduce risks involving data quality, data integrity, cybersecurity, adversarial manipulation, intellectual property, regulatory compliance, biased outcomes, or improper handling of sensitive information. These limitations, failures, or inaccurate results generated as a result of our employees', contractors' or vendors' use or misuse of AI technologies could lead to operational interruptions or otherwise adversely affect our business, reputation, or financial results. In addition, the development, testing, and deployment of AI capabilities may require significant computational resources, specialized personnel, and additional investment, resulting in increased costs. We may not be able to recover these costs through our regulatory proceedings. Rapid advances in AI capabilities, as well as the emerging regulatory landscape in the United States and internationally, may also require modifications to our systems, adoption of enhanced governance processes or implementation of new safeguards. Future laws, regulations, Executive Orders, or industry standards relating to AI (which may be conflicting), including those addressing transparency, data usage, cybersecurity, accountability, or risk management, could materially affect how we design, procure, or use AI technologies and could increase compliance costs. In addition, the pace of AI innovation and regulation is unpredictable, and we cannot foresee all potential impacts of AI technologies or future laws and regulations or compliance requirements, and their associated costs and consequences. Any of the risks described above could adversely affect our business operations, reputation, or financial results.

AI technologies are still in their early stages of development and deployment. Ineffective or inadequate AI development or deployment practices by PPL, its subsidiaries or third-party vendors could result in unintended consequences. While we seek contractual protections with our third-party vendors regarding the use of AI technology, we may not have full awareness of, or control or visibility over, the quality, performance, security or compliance of the products and services that incorporate AI-related technology used by such vendors. AI algorithms that we or our third-party vendors use may be flawed or may be based on datasets that are biased or insufficient. These limitations or failures, or inaccurate results generated as a result of our employees’, contractors’ or vendors’ use or misuse of AI technologies could lead to operational interruptions or otherwise adversely affect our business, reputation or financial results. Developing, testing, and deploying resource-intensive AI systems may require additional investment and increase our costs. In addition, the rapidly evolving nature of AI technologies may cause new laws and regulations to be enacted which could dramatically affect business practices, including the costs to comply with such new laws and regulations. We cannot predict the future development of AI technologies and the nature of any related new laws and regulations, and their costs and consequences.