Atlassian Corporation: 10-K Risk Factor Changes

The long-term effects of climate change on the global economy and the technology industry in particular are unclear; however, we recognize that there are inherent climate-related risks wherever business is conducted. Climate-related events, including but not limited to the increasing frequency of extreme weather events and their impact on critical infrastructure in the United States, Australia and elsewhere, have the potential to disrupt our businesses, our employees, our third-party suppliers, and/or the business of our customers, and may cause us to experience extended product downtimes, higher attrition, and losses and additional costs to maintain and resume operations. Furthermore, failure to achieve or advance towards our public sustainability commitments and objectives regarding climate action may have an adverse effect on our standing with investors, suppliers, and customers, as well as on our financial results and our capacity to attract and retain skilled individuals. In addition, any negative perceptions of our pursuit of climate action sustainability initiatives could also result in adverse impacts, including potential stakeholder engagement or litigation.

43 43 43 The long-term effects of climate change on the global economy and the technology industry in particular are unclear; however, we recognize that there are inherent climate related risks wherever business is conducted. Climate-related events, including but not limited to the increasing frequency of extreme weather events and their impact on critical infrastructure in the U.S., Australia and elsewhere, have the potential to disrupt our business, our employees, our third-party suppliers, and/or the business of our customers, and may cause us to experience extended product downtimes, higher attrition, and losses and additional costs to maintain and resume operations. Furthermore, failure to achieve or advance towards our public sustainability commitments and objectives regarding climate action may have an adverse effect on our standing with investors, suppliers, and customers, as well as on our financial results and our capacity to attract and retain skilled individuals.

Errors, failures, vulnerabilities, or bugs may occur in our offerings, especially when updates are deployed or new apps, agents, or products are rolled out. Our solutions are often used in connection with large-scale computing environments with different operating systems, system management software, equipment, and networking configurations, which may cause errors, failures of apps, agents, or products, or other negative consequences in the computing environment into which they are deployed. In addition, deployment of our products into complicated, large-scale computing environments may expose errors, failures, vulnerabilities, or bugs in our apps, agents, or products. Any such errors, failures, vulnerabilities, or bugs have in the past not been, and in the future may not be, found until after they are deployed to our customers. Real or perceived errors, failures, vulnerabilities, or bugs in our apps, agents or products have and could result in negative publicity, loss of or unauthorized access to customer data, loss of or delay in market acceptance of our offerings, loss of competitive position, or claims by customers for losses sustained by them, all of which could harm our business and results of operations. In addition, third-party apps on Atlassian Marketplace may not meet the same quality standards that we apply to our own development efforts and in the past, third-party apps have caused disruptions affecting multiple customers. To the extent these apps contain bugs, vulnerabilities, or defects, such apps may create disruptions in our customers’ use of our apps, lead to data loss or unauthorized access to customer data, they may damage our brand and reputation, and affect the continued use of our apps, which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. 25 25 25

Errors, failures, vulnerabilities, or bugs may occur in our products, especially when updates are deployed or new products are rolled out. Our solutions are often used in connection with large-scale computing environments with different operating systems, system management software, equipment, and networking configurations, which may cause errors, failures of products, or other negative consequences in the computing environment into which they are deployed. In addition, deployment of our products into complicated, large-scale computing environments may expose errors, failures, vulnerabilities, or bugs in our products. Any such errors, failures, vulnerabilities, or bugs have in the past not been, and in the future may not be, found until after they are deployed to our customers. Real or perceived errors, failures, vulnerabilities, or bugs in our products have and could result in negative publicity, loss of or unauthorized access to customer data, loss of or delay in market acceptance of our products, loss of competitive position, or claims by customers for losses sustained by them, all of which could harm our business and results of operations. In addition, third-party apps on Atlassian Marketplace may not meet the same quality standards that we apply to our own development efforts and, in the past, third-party apps have caused disruptions affecting multiple customers. To the extent these apps contain bugs, vulnerabilities, or defects, such apps may create disruptions in our customers’ use of our products, lead to data loss or unauthorized access to customer data, they may damage our brand and reputation, and affect the continued use of our products, which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our quarterly financial results have fluctuated in the past and may fluctuate in the future as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. If our quarterly financial results fall below the expectations of investors or any securities analysts who follow us, the price of our Class A Common Stock could decline substantially. Factors that may cause our revenue, results of operations and cash flows to fluctuate from quarter to quarter include, but are not limited to: •our ability to attract new customers, retain and increase sales to existing customers, and satisfy our customers’ requirements; •the timing and terms of customer contracts and renewals; •seasonality impacts in our sales cycle and other operations; •challenges in collecting outstanding accounts receivable balances; •changes in our or our competitors’ pricing policies and offerings; •new products, features, enhancements, or functionalities introduced by our competitors; •changes to our overall market; •the amount and timing of our operating costs and capital expenditures related to the operations and expansion of our business; •our focus on our Cloud offerings and customer migrations to our Cloud platform; 29 29 29 •the success of our AI offerings and our continued ability to incorporate AI solutions and features into our products, platform and business; •changes in foreign currency exchange rates or adding additional currencies in which our sales are denominated; •the amount and timing of acquisitions or other strategic transactions; •significant security breaches, technical difficulties, or interruptions to our products or the third-party products on which we rely; •the impact of new accounting pronouncements and associated system implementations, or changes in accounting principles and the application of new and existing accounting principles; •extraordinary expenses such as litigation, tax settlements, adverse audit rulings or other dispute-related settlement payments; •the number of new employees added or, conversely, any reductions in force; •the timing of the grant or vesting of equity awards to employees, contractors, or directors; •major changes to management or our board of directors; •general economic conditions, including inflationary pressures and interest rate policy, that may adversely affect either our customers’ ability or willingness to purchase additional licenses, subscriptions, delay a prospective customer’s purchasing decisions, reduce the value of new license or subscription, or affect customer retention; and •the impact of U.S. and international political and social unrest, changes in trade policies, armed conflict, natural disasters, climate change, diseases and pandemics, and any associated economic downturn, on our results of operations and financial performance. Many of these factors are outside of our control, and the occurrence of one or more of them might cause our revenue, results of operations, and cash flows to vary widely. As such, we believe that quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our revenue, results of operations, and cash flows may not be meaningful and should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance.

Our quarterly financial results have fluctuated in the past and may fluctuate in the future as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. If our quarterly financial results fall below the expectations of investors or any securities analysts who follow us, the price of our Class A Common Stock could decline substantially. Factors that may cause our revenue, results of operations and cash flows to fluctuate from quarter to quarter include, but are not limited to: •our ability to attract new customers, retain and increase sales to existing customers, and satisfy our customers’ requirements; 16 16 16 •the timing of customer renewals; •changes in our or our competitors’ pricing policies and offerings; •new products, features, enhancements, or functionalities introduced by our competitors; •the amount and timing of operating costs and capital expenditures related to the operations and expansion of our business; •significant security breaches, technical difficulties, or interruptions to our products or third-party products on which we rely; •our increased focus on our Cloud offerings, including customer migrations to our Cloud products; •our ability to incorporate artificial intelligence solutions and features into our platform; •the number of new employees added or, conversely, reductions in force; •changes in foreign currency exchange rates or adding additional currencies in which our sales are denominated; •the amount and timing of acquisitions or other strategic transactions; •extraordinary expenses such as litigation, tax settlements, adverse audit rulings or other dispute-related settlement payments; •general economic conditions, such as recent inflation and interest rate changes, that may adversely affect either our customers’ ability or willingness to purchase additional licenses, subscriptions, delay a prospective customer’s purchasing decisions, reduce the value of new license or subscription, or affect customer retention; •the impact of U.S. and international political and social unrest, armed conflict, natural disasters, climate change, diseases and pandemics, and any associated economic downturn, on our results of operations and financial performance; •seasonality in our operations; •the impact of new accounting pronouncements and associated system implementations; and •the timing of the grant or vesting of equity awards to employees, contractors, or directors. Many of these factors are outside of our control, and the occurrence of one or more of them might cause our revenue, results of operations, and cash flows to vary widely. As such, we believe that quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our revenue, results of operations, and cash flows may not be meaningful and should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance.

Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those highlighted in this section titled “Risk Factors” and summarized below. We have various categories of risks, including risks related to our business and industry, risks related to information technology, intellectual property, data security and privacy, risks related to legal, regulatory, accounting, and tax matters, risks related to ownership of our Class A Common Stock, risks related to our indebtedness, and general risks, which are discussed more fully below. As a result, this risk factor summary does not contain all of the information that may be important to you, and you should read this risk factor summary together with the more detailed discussion of risks and uncertainties set forth following this summary, as well as elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These risks include, but are not limited to, the following: •Our historical rapid growth makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects, and we may not be able to sustain our revenue growth rate or achieve profitability in the future. •The continuing global economic and geopolitical volatility, and measures taken in response, could harm our business and results of operations. •The markets in which we participate are intensely competitive, and if we do not compete effectively, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be harmed. •Our AI offerings and investments may not be successful, which could adversely affect our business or financial results. •We may encounter challenges as we continue to transition our business to focus on Cloud offerings. •Our business depends on our customers renewing their subscriptions and purchasing additional licenses or subscriptions from us, and any decline in our customer retention or expansion could harm our future results of operations. •If we are not able to develop or package new apps, agents and enhancements to our existing offerings that achieve market acceptance and that keep pace with technological developments, our business and results of operations could be harmed. •We invest significantly in research and development, and to the extent our research and development investments do not translate into new offerings or material enhancements to our current offerings, or if we do not use those investments efficiently, our business and results of operations would be harmed. •If we fail to effectively manage our growth, our business and results of operations could be harmed. •We may encounter challenges as we develop our sales force and sales strategy. •Our business model for our low-touch customers is based in part on a high volume of transactions and organic expansion. If this model is not effective, our business and results of operations could be harmed. •If our security controls are compromised, leading to unauthorized or inappropriate access to customer data, our products could be perceived as insecure, and such perception may result in the loss of existing customers, hinder our ability to attract new ones, and expose us to significant liabilities. •Interruptions or performance problems associated with our technology and infrastructure could harm our business and results of operations. •Real or perceived errors, failures, vulnerabilities, or bugs in our offerings or in the apps on Atlassian Marketplace could harm our business and results of operations. •Privacy concerns and laws, as well as evolving regulation of cloud computing, AI apps and services, cross-border data transfer restrictions, and other domestic or foreign regulations may limit the use and adoption of our services and adversely affect our business and results of operation. •Our quarterly results have fluctuated in the past and may fluctuate significantly in the future and may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business. •We recognize certain revenue streams over the term of our subscription contracts. Consequently, downturns in new sales may not be immediately reflected in our results of operations and may be difficult to discern. •Seasonality may cause fluctuations in our revenue. •Our current and future indebtedness may limit our flexibility in obtaining additional financing and in pursuing other business opportunities or operating activities. •Our global operations and structure subject us to potentially adverse tax consequences. •Our development and use of AI technologies may expose us to operational, legal, regulatory, reputational and other risks that may adversely affect our business. •The dual class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting control with certain stockholders, in particular, our Co-Founders and their affiliates, which will limit our other stockholders’ ability to influence the outcome of important transactions, including a change in control.

Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those highlighted in this section titled “Risk Factors” and summarized below. We have various categories of risks, including risks related to our business and industry, risks related to information technology, intellectual property, data security and privacy, risks related to legal, regulatory, accounting, and tax matters, risks related to ownership of our Class A Common Stock, risks related to our indebtedness, and general risks, which are discussed more fully below. As a result, this risk factor summary does not contain all of the information that may be important to you, and you should read this risk factor summary together with the more detailed discussion of risks and uncertainties set forth following this summary, as well as elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These risks include, but are not limited, to the following: •Our historical rapid growth makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects, and we may not be able to sustain our revenue growth rate or achieve profitability in the future. •The continuing global economic and geopolitical volatility, and measures taken in response, could harm our business and results of operations. •The markets in which we participate are intensely competitive, and if we do not compete effectively, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be harmed. •Our quarterly results have fluctuated in the past and may fluctuate significantly in the future and may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business. •Our use of generative AI and machine learning in our platform and our business, as well as our potential failure to effectively implement, use, and market these technologies, may result in reputational harm or liability, or could otherwise adversely affect our business. •We may encounter challenges to our business as we transition our business to focusing more on our cloud offerings. •Our business depends on our customers renewing their subscriptions and purchasing additional licenses or subscriptions from us, and any decline in our customer retention or expansion could harm our future results of operations. •If we are not able to develop new products and enhancements to our existing products that achieve market acceptance and that keep pace with technological developments, our business and results of operations could be harmed. •If we fail to effectively manage our growth, our business and results of operations could be harmed. •If our marketing model is not effective in attracting new customers or we are unable to realize the benefits of our free trial strategy, our business and results of operations could be harmed. •Our business model relies on a high volume of transactions and affordable pricing. As lower cost or free products are introduced by our competitors, our ability to generate new customers could be harmed. •We may encounter challenges as we develop our enterprise sales force. •If our security controls are compromised, leading to unauthorized or inappropriate access to customer data, our products could be perceived as insecure, and such perception may result in the loss of existing customers, hinder our ability to attract new ones, and expose us to significant liabilities. •Interruptions or performance problems associated with our technology and infrastructure could harm our business and results of operations. •Real or perceived errors, failures, vulnerabilities, or bugs in our products or in the products on Atlassian Marketplace could harm our business and results of operations. •Privacy concerns and laws as well as evolving regulation of cloud computing, AI services, cross-border data transfer restrictions and other domestic or foreign regulations may limit the use and adoption of our services and adversely affect our business and results of operation. •Our current and future indebtedness may limit our flexibility in obtaining additional financing and in pursuing other business opportunities or operating activities. •Our global operations and structure subject us to potentially adverse tax consequences. •The dual class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting control with certain stockholders, in particular, our Co-Founders and their affiliates, which will limit our other stockholders’ ability to influence the outcome of important transactions, including a change in control.

We have experienced rapid growth in recent years and our historical growth rate should not be considered indicative of our future performance and may decline in the future. This rapid growth also makes it more challenging to evaluate our future prospects. Our revenue growth rate has fluctuated in prior periods and, in future periods, our revenue could grow more slowly than it has in the past or decline for a number of reasons, including any reduction in demand for our apps, agents and platforms; increase in competition; challenges relating to collecting accounts receivable or collection periods; seasonality in the timing of our sales; the duration of our sales contracts; limitations on our ability to, or any decision not to, increase pricing, slower than anticipated adoption of or migration to our Cloud offerings; failure to capitalize on growth opportunities; contraction in our overall market; or impact from broader macroeconomic factors. We make assumptions regarding the risks and uncertainties associated with our growth as we plan and operate our business. If our assumptions are incorrect or change, or if we do not address risks successfully, our operating and financial results could differ materially from our expectations, our growth rates may slow, and our business would suffer. In addition, we expect our expenses to increase substantially in the near term, particularly as we continue to make significant investments in research and development and technology infrastructure for our Cloud offerings, expand our operations globally and develop new apps, agents and features for, and enhancements of, our existing apps and agents, including our AI offerings. As a result of these significant investments, and in particular stock-based compensation associated with our growth, we have not in the past and may not in the future be able to achieve profitability as determined under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The additional expenses we will incur may not lead to sufficient additional revenue to maintain historical revenue growth rates and achieve profitability.

14 14 14 We have experienced rapid growth in recent years and such growth rate should not be considered indicative of our future performance and may decline in the future. This rapid growth also makes it more challenging to evaluate our future prospects. Our revenue growth rate has fluctuated in prior periods and, in future periods, our revenue could grow more slowly than it has in the past or decline for a number of reasons, including any reduction in demand for our products, increase in competition, limitations on our ability to, or any decision not to, increase pricing, a slower than anticipated adoption of or migration to our Cloud offerings, failure to capitalize on growth opportunities, contraction in our overall market, or impact from broader macroeconomic factors. As one example, we have seen expansion from existing customers moderate in recent quarters, particularly amongst our small and medium-sized customers. Additionally, we ceased sales of new perpetual license Server offerings for our products in February 2021, and, subject to limited exceptions, ended maintenance and support for Server products in February 2024. If our Server customers did not transition to our Cloud or Data Center offerings, or if our Data Center customers do not migrate to our Cloud offerings, our revenue growth rates and profitability may be negatively impacted. We make assumptions regarding the risks and uncertainties associated with our growth as we plan and operate our business. If our assumptions are incorrect or change, or if we do not address risks successfully, our operating and financial results could differ materially from our expectations, our growth rates may slow, and our business would suffer. In addition, we expect our expenses to increase substantially in the near term, particularly as we continue to make significant investments in research and development and technology infrastructure for our Cloud offerings, expand our operations globally and develop new products and features for, and enhancements of, our existing products, including our AI products. As a result of these significant investments, and in particular stock-based compensation associated with our growth, we have not in the past and may not in the future be able to achieve profitability as determined under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The additional expenses we will incur may not lead to sufficient additional revenue to maintain historical revenue growth rates and profitability.

We rely heavily on our network infrastructure and information technology systems for our business operations, and our continued growth depends in part on the ability of our existing and potential customers to access our solutions at any time and within an acceptable amount of time. In addition, we rely almost exclusively on our websites for the downloading of, and payment for, all our apps, agents, and products. We have experienced, and may in the future experience, disruptions, data loss and corruption, outages and other performance problems with our infrastructure and websites due to a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, introductions of new 24 24 24 functionality, human or software errors, capacity constraints, denial of service attacks, or other security-related incidents. In some instances, we have not been able to, and in the future may not be able to, identify the cause or causes of these performance problems within an acceptable period of time. It may become increasingly difficult to maintain and improve our performance, especially during peak usage times and as our products and websites become more complex and our user traffic increases. If our apps, agents, products or websites are unavailable, if our users are unable to access our apps, agents, products or websites within a reasonable amount of time, or at all, or if our information technology systems for our business operations experience disruptions, delays or deficiencies, our business could be harmed. We may be subject to regulations that require us to report extended services outages to governmental authorities and customers. Moreover, we provide service level commitments under certain of our paid customer cloud contracts, pursuant to which we guarantee specified minimum availability. If we fail to meet these contractual commitments, we could be obligated to provide credits for future service, or face contract termination with refunds of prepaid amounts related to unused subscriptions, which could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition. From time to time, we have granted, and in the future will continue to grant, credits to paid customers pursuant to, and sometimes in addition to, the terms of these agreements. For example, we have in the past incurred costs associated with offering service level credits and other concessions to certain customers who experienced outages across their use of our offerings. It is possible that large-scale outages in the future could materially and adversely impact our results of operations or financial condition. Further, disruptions, data loss and corruption, outages, and other performance problems in our cloud infrastructure may cause customers to delay or halt their transition to our Cloud offerings, to the detriment of our increased focus on our Cloud offerings, which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. Additionally, we depend on services from various third parties, including cloud computing platform providers (such as Amazon Web Services) and other hardware and software providers, as well as general internet availability, to maintain our infrastructure and distribute our apps, agents, and products. Any disruptions in these services, including as a result of actions outside of our control, would significantly impact the continued performance of our apps, agents, and products. In the future, these services may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Any loss of the right to use any of these services could result in decreased functionality of our apps, agents, and products until equivalent technology is either developed by us or, if available from another provider, is identified, obtained, and integrated into our infrastructure. To the extent that we do not effectively address capacity constraints, upgrade our systems as needed, and continually develop our technology and network architecture to accommodate actual and anticipated changes in technology, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed.

We rely heavily on our network infrastructure and information technology systems for our business operations, and our continued growth depends in part on the ability of our existing and potential customers to access our solutions at any time and within an acceptable amount of time. In addition, we rely almost exclusively on our websites for the downloading of, and payment for, all our products. We have experienced, and may in the future experience, disruptions, data loss and corruption, outages and other performance problems with our infrastructure and websites due to a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, introductions of new functionality, human or software errors, capacity constraints, denial of service attacks, or other security-related incidents. In some instances, we have not been able to, and in the future may not be able to, identify the cause or causes of these performance problems within an acceptable period of time. It may become increasingly difficult to maintain and improve our performance, especially during peak usage times and as our products and websites become more complex and our user traffic increases. If our products and websites are unavailable, if our users are unable to access our products within a reasonable amount of time, or at all, or if our information technology systems for our business operations experience disruptions, delays or deficiencies, our business could be harmed. Moreover, we provide service level commitments under certain of our paid customer cloud contracts, pursuant to which we guarantee specified minimum availability. If we fail to meet these contractual commitments, we could be obligated to provide credits for future service, or face contract termination with refunds of prepaid amounts related to unused subscriptions, which could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition. From time to time, we have granted, and in the future will continue to grant, credits to paid customers pursuant to, and sometimes in addition to, the terms of these agreements. For example, in April 2022, a subset of our customers experienced a full outage across their Atlassian cloud products due to a faulty script used during a maintenance procedure. While we restored access for these customers with minimal to no data loss, these affected customers experienced disruptions in using our cloud 26 26 26 products during the outage. We incurred certain costs associated with offering service level credits and other concessions to these customers, although the overall impact did not have a material impact on our results of operations or financial condition. However, other future events like this may materially and adversely impact our results of operations or financial condition. Further, disruptions, data loss and corruption, outages and other performance problems in our cloud infrastructure may cause customers to delay or halt their transition to our Cloud offerings, to the detriment of our increased focus on our Cloud offerings, which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. Additionally, we depend on services from various third parties, including Amazon Web Services, to maintain our infrastructure and distribute our products via the internet. Any disruptions in these services, including as a result of actions outside of our control, would significantly impact the continued performance of our products. In the future, these services may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Any loss of the right to use any of these services could result in decreased functionality of our products until equivalent technology is either developed by us or, if available from another provider, is identified, obtained and integrated into our infrastructure. To the extent that we do not effectively address capacity constraints, upgrade our systems as needed, and continually develop our technology and network architecture to accommodate actual and anticipated changes in technology, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed.

The markets for our solutions are fragmented, rapidly evolving, highly competitive, and have relatively low barriers to entry. We face competition from a wide range of companies in each of the markets we serve, including from both large technology vendors and smaller companies that offer project management, collaboration, and developer tools; both cloud vendors targeting enterprise service management teams and legacy vendors that offer service desk solutions; and both large technology vendors that offer a suite of products and smaller companies offering point solutions for team collaboration. Some of our competitors have also made acquisitions to offer a more comprehensive product or service offering, which may allow them to compete more effectively with our offerings. We expect this trend to continue as companies attempt to strengthen or maintain their market positions in an evolving industry. Following such consolidations, companies may create more compelling product offerings and be able to offer more attractive pricing options, making it more difficult for us to compete effectively. Many of our current and potential competitors have greater resources than we do, with established marketing relationships, larger enterprise sales forces, access to larger customer bases, pre-existing customer relationships, and major distribution agreements with consultants, system integrators, and resellers. Our competitors, particularly our competitors with greater financial and operating resources, may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than we can to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards, or customer requirements. With the adoption of new technologies, including AI, the evolution of our apps, agents, and Collections, and new market entrants, we expect competition to intensify in the future. For example, our competitors may develop more effective AI products, more successfully incorporate AI into their offerings and sales strategy, gain or leverage superior access to certain AI technologies, or achieve higher market acceptance of their AI solutions. In addition, as we continue to expand our focus into new use cases or other offerings beyond software development teams, we expect competition to increase. Pricing pressures and increased competition generally could result in reduced sales, reduced margins, losses, or the failure of our offerings to achieve or maintain more widespread market acceptance, any of which could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Additionally, some current and potential customers, particularly large organizations, have elected, and more may in the future elect, to develop or acquire their own internal collaboration and productivity software tools that would reduce or eliminate the demand for our solutions. Our offerings seek to serve multiple markets, and we are subject to competition from a wide and varied field of competitors. Some competitors, particularly new and emerging companies with sizeable venture capital investment, could focus all their energy and resources on one product line or use case and, as a result, any one competitor could develop a more successful product or service in a particular market we serve which could decrease our market share in that market and harm our brand recognition and results of operations. For all of these reasons and others we cannot anticipate today, we may not be able to compete successfully against our current and future competitors, which could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

The markets for our solutions are fragmented, rapidly evolving, highly competitive, and have relatively low barriers to entry. We face competition from both traditional, larger software vendors offering full collaboration and productivity suites and smaller companies offering point products for features and use cases. Our principal competitors vary depending on the product category and include Microsoft (including GitHub), IBM, Alphabet, ServiceNow, PagerDuty, Gitlab, Freshworks, BMC Software (Remedy), Asana, Monday.com, Notion and Smartsheet. In addition, some of our competitors have made acquisitions to offer a more comprehensive product or service offering, which may allow them to compete more effectively with our products. We expect this trend to continue as companies attempt to strengthen or maintain their market positions in an evolving industry. Following such potential consolidations, companies may create more compelling product offerings and be able to offer more attractive pricing options, making it more difficult for us to compete effectively. Our competitors, particularly our competitors with greater financial and operating resources, may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than we can to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards, or customer requirements. With the adoption of new technologies, such as AI and machine learning, the evolution of our products, and new market entrants, we expect competition to intensify in the future. For example, our competitors may more successfully incorporate AI into their products, gain or leverage superior access to certain AI technologies, and achieve higher market acceptance of their AI solutions. In addition, as we continue to expand our focus into new use cases or other product offerings beyond software development teams, we expect competition to increase. Pricing pressures and increased competition generally could result in reduced sales, reduced margins, losses, or the failure of our products to achieve or maintain more widespread market acceptance, any of which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. Many of our current and potential competitors have greater resources than we do, with established marketing relationships, large enterprise sales forces, access to larger customer bases, pre-existing customer relationships, and major distribution agreements with consultants, system integrators and resellers. Additionally, some current and potential customers, particularly large organizations, have elected, and may in the future elect, to develop or acquire their own internal collaboration and productivity software tools that would reduce or eliminate the demand for our solutions. Our products seek to serve multiple markets, and we are subject to competition from a wide and varied field of competitors. Some competitors, particularly new and emerging companies with sizeable venture capital investment, could focus all their energy and resources on one product line or use case and, as a result, any one competitor could develop a more successful product or service in a particular market we serve which could decrease our market share and harm our brand recognition and results of operations. For all of these reasons and others we cannot anticipate today, we may not be able to compete successfully against our current and future competitors, which could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Our apps, agents and products must integrate with a variety of network, hardware, and software platforms, and we need to continuously modify and enhance our apps, agents, and products to adapt to changes in hardware, software, networking, browser, and database technologies. In particular, we have developed our apps, agents, and products to be able to easily integrate with third-party applications, including the applications of software providers 20 20 20 that compete with us, through the interaction of application programming interfaces (“APIs”). In general, we rely on the fact that the providers of such software systems continue to allow us access to their APIs to enable these customer integrations. To date, we have not relied on long-term written contracts to govern our relationship with these providers. Instead, we are subject to the standard terms and conditions for application developers of such providers, which govern the distribution, operation, and fees of such software systems, and which are subject to change by such providers. From time to time, certain providers may claim we have failed to meet these standard terms and conditions. Our business could also be harmed if any provider: •discontinues or limits our access to its APIs, due to a claim of breach of terms and conditions or for any other reason; •modifies its terms of service or other policies, including fees charged to, or other restrictions on us or other application developers; •changes how customer information is accessed by us or our customers; •establishes more favorable relationships with one or more of our competitors; or •develops or otherwise favors its own competitive offerings over ours. We may also be subject to privacy risks in connection with the third-party data we collect and process through APIs and, in some instances, customers may find our administrative controls for such data use inadequate. As with any data processing, there are privacy considerations for the data we collect and process from third-party sources, and customers may seek more controls in our products around third-party integrations. We believe a significant component of our value proposition to customers is the ability to optimize and configure our apps, agents, and products with these third-party applications through our respective APIs. If we are not permitted or able to integrate with these and other third-party applications in the future, demand for our offerings could decline and our business and results of operations could be harmed. In addition, an increasing number of organizations and individuals within organizations are utilizing mobile devices to access the internet and corporate resources and to conduct business. We have designed and continue to design mobile applications to provide access to our apps, agents, and products through these devices. If we cannot provide effective functionality through these mobile applications as required by organizations and individuals that widely use mobile devices, we may experience difficulty attracting and retaining customers. Failure of our apps, agents, and products to operate effectively with future infrastructure platforms and technologies could also reduce the demand for our offerings, resulting in customer dissatisfaction and harm to our business. If we are unable to respond to changes in a cost-effective manner, our apps, agents, and products may become less marketable, less competitive, or obsolete and our results of operations could be harmed.

Our products must integrate with a variety of network, hardware, and software platforms, and we need to continuously modify and enhance our products to adapt to changes in hardware, software, networking, browser and database technologies. In particular, we have developed our products to be able to easily integrate with third-party applications, including the applications of software providers that compete with us, through the interaction of application programming interfaces (“APIs”). In general, we rely on the fact that the providers of such software systems continue to allow us access to their APIs to enable these customer integrations. To date, we have not relied on long-term written contracts to govern our relationship with these providers. Instead, we are subject to the standard terms and conditions for application developers of such providers, which govern the distribution, operation and fees of such software systems, and which are subject to change by such providers from time to time. Our business could be harmed if any provider of such software systems: •discontinues or limits our access to its APIs; •modifies its terms of service or other policies, including fees charged to, or other restrictions on us or other application developers; •changes how customer information is accessed by us or our customers; •establishes more favorable relationships with one or more of our competitors; or •develops or otherwise favors its own competitive offerings over ours. We believe a significant component of our value proposition to customers is the ability to optimize and configure our products with these third-party applications through our respective APIs. If we are not permitted or able to integrate with these and other third-party applications in the future, demand for our products could decline and our business and results of operations could be harmed. In addition, an increasing number of organizations and individuals within organizations are utilizing mobile devices to access the internet and corporate resources and to conduct business. We have designed and continue to design mobile applications to provide access to our products through these devices. If we cannot provide effective functionality through these mobile applications as required by organizations and individuals that widely use mobile devices, we may experience difficulty attracting and retaining customers. Failure of our products to operate effectively with future infrastructure platforms and technologies could also reduce the demand for our products, resulting in customer dissatisfaction and harm to our business. If we are unable to respond to changes in a cost-effective manner, our products may become less marketable, less competitive or obsolete and our results of operations could be harmed.

There is an increasing focus from certain regulators, investors, customers, employees, and other stakeholders concerning environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) matters. Any failure to meet the ESG standards set by various constituencies may damage our reputation or otherwise harm our business or financial condition. As ESG best practices and reporting standards continue to develop, we expect to incur increasing costs relating to ESG monitoring, reporting, and compliance. In recent years, there has been a proliferation of climate and other ESG disclosure requirements at the local, national, and international levels, which have required and will continue to require significant time, effort, and resources in order to comply with differing requirements. If our ESG practices and reporting fail to meet such requirements, we may be exposed to risks of government or regulatory enforcement or liability. We voluntarily publish an annual Sustainability Report, which describes, among other things, the measurement of our greenhouse gas emissions and our efforts to reduce emissions. In addition, our Sustainability Report provides highlights of how we are supporting our workforce. Our disclosures on these matters, or a failure to meet evolving stakeholder expectations for ESG practices and reporting, may potentially harm our 37 37 37 reputation and customer relationships. Due to new regulatory standards and market standards, certain new or existing customers, particularly those in the European Union, may impose stricter ESG guidelines or mandates for, and may scrutinize relationships more closely with, their counterparties, including us, which may lengthen sales cycles or increase our costs. Furthermore, some investors may use ESG factors to guide their investment strategies and, in some cases, may choose not to invest in us if they believe our policies and actions relating to ESG are inadequate. If our competitors’ ESG performance is perceived to be better than ours, potential or current investors or other stakeholders may elect to engage with our competitors instead. In addition, in the event that we communicate certain initiatives or goals regarding ESG matters, we could fail, or be perceived to fail, in our achievement of such initiatives or goals, or we could be criticized for the scope of such initiatives or goals. If we fail to satisfy the expectations of investors, customers, employees and other stakeholders or our initiatives are not executed as planned, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects could be adversely affected. Alternatively, any negative perceptions of any perceived insufficient or overdone pursuit of any ESG initiatives could also result in adverse impacts, including potential stakeholder engagement or litigation or other proceedings.

There is an increasing focus from certain investors, customers, employees, other stakeholders and regulators concerning environmental, social and governance matters (“ESG”). Some investors may use these non-financial performance factors to guide their investment strategies and, in some cases, may choose not to invest in us if they believe our policies and actions relating to ESG are inadequate. We may face reputational damage in the event that we do not meet the ESG standards set by various constituencies. As ESG best practices and reporting standards continue to develop, we may incur increasing costs relating to ESG monitoring and reporting and complying with ESG initiatives. For example, in recent years, there has been a proliferation of climate and other ESG disclosure requirements at the local, national and international levels, which have required and may continue to require significant effort and resources in order to comply with differing requirements. We voluntarily publish an annual Sustainability Report, which describes, among other things, the measurement of our greenhouse gas emissions and our efforts to reduce emissions. In addition, our Sustainability Report provides highlights of how we are supporting our workforce, including our efforts to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion. Our disclosures on these matters, or a failure to meet evolving stakeholder expectations for ESG practices and reporting, may potentially harm our reputation and customer relationships. Due to new regulatory standards and market standards, certain new or existing customers, particularly those in the European Union, may impose stricter ESG guidelines or mandates for, and may scrutinize relationships more closely with, their counterparties, including us, which may lengthen sales cycles or increase our costs. Furthermore, if our competitors’ ESG performance is perceived to be better than ours, potential or current investors may elect to invest with our competitors instead. In addition, in the event that we communicate certain initiatives or goals regarding ESG matters, we could fail, or be perceived to fail, in our achievement of such initiatives or goals, or we could be criticized for the scope of such initiatives or goals. If we fail to satisfy the expectations of investors, customers, employees and other stakeholders or our initiatives are not executed as planned, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects could be adversely affected.

We believe that maintaining and enhancing our reputation as a differentiated and category-defining company is critical to our relationships with our existing customers and to our ability to attract new customers. The successful promotion of our brand attributes will depend on a number of factors, including our and our solution partners’ marketing efforts, our ability to continue to develop high-quality products, our ability to minimize and respond to errors, failures, outages, vulnerabilities, or bugs, and our ability to successfully differentiate our products from competitive products. In addition, independent industry analysts often provide analyses of our products, as well as the products offered by our competitors, and the perception of the relative value of our products in the marketplace may be significantly influenced by these analyses. If these analyses are negative or less positive as compared to those of our competitors’ products, our brand may be harmed. Our reputation could also be adversely impacted by, among other things, any failure or perceived failure in our social and environmental practices, public pressure from investors or policy groups to change our policies, or customer perceptions of our marketing efforts, sponsorship arrangements, social media or any statements made by us, our executives and employees, agents or other third parties. Our sponsorship relationships and partnerships may also subject us to negative publicity as a result of any actual or alleged conduct by, or consumers’ perceptions of, our partners or individuals and entities associated with such organizations, which could have an adverse effect on our reputation and brand. Our sponsorship relationships and partnerships and the general promotion of our brand requires us to make substantial expenditures. We anticipate that these expenditures will increase as our market becomes more competitive, as we expand into new markets, and as more sales are generated through our solution partners. To the extent that these activities yield increased revenue, this revenue may not offset the increased expenses we incur. If we do not successfully maintain and enhance our brand, our business may not grow, we may have reduced pricing power relative to competitors, and we could lose customers or fail to attract new customers, any of which could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We believe that maintaining and enhancing our reputation as a differentiated and category-defining company is critical to our relationships with our existing customers and to our ability to attract new customers. The successful promotion of our brand attributes will depend on a number of factors, including our and our solution partners’ marketing efforts, our ability to continue to develop high-quality products, our ability to minimize and respond to errors, failures, outages, vulnerabilities, or bugs, and our ability to successfully differentiate our products from competitive products. In addition, independent industry analysts often provide analyses of our products, as well as the products offered by our competitors, and perception of the relative value of our products in the marketplace may be significantly influenced by these analyses. If these analyses are negative, or less positive as compared to those of our competitors’ products, our brand may be harmed. The promotion of our brand requires us to make substantial expenditures, and we anticipate that the expenditures will increase as our market becomes more competitive, as we expand into new markets, and as more sales are generated through our solution partners. To the extent that these activities yield increased revenue, this revenue may not offset the increased expenses we incur. If we do not successfully maintain and enhance our brand, our business may not grow, we may have reduced pricing power relative to competitors, and we could lose customers or fail to attract new customers, any of which could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition. 23 23 23

In recent years, we have focused on strategically growing our sales force to expand and deepen our relationships with our largest existing customers, particularly in the enterprise segment. As our sales force continues to develop, we may encounter challenges in identifying, recruiting, training, and retaining a qualified sales force, and we expect this growth to require significant time, expense, and attention. Expanding our sales infrastructure also has impacts on our cost structure and results of operations, and we may have to reduce other expenses, such as our research and development expenses, in order to accommodate a corresponding increase in marketing and sales expenses while maintaining positive free cash flow. As our enterprise sales teams grow, we face increased costs, longer sales cycles, greater competition, and less predictability in completing our sales. Since the sales cycles for our enterprise offerings are multi-phased and complex, it can be unpredictable when a given sales cycle will close. For enterprise customers, the evaluation process may be longer and more involved, and require us to invest more in educating our customers about our apps, agents, Collections, services, and solutions, particularly because the decision to use our offerings is often an enterprise-wide decision. We may be required to submit more robust proposals, participate in extended proof-of-concept evaluation cycles, and engage in more extensive contract negotiations. In addition, our enterprise customers often demand more complex configurations and additional integration services and product features. Adverse macroeconomic conditions have in the past, and may in the future, cause delays in our enterprise customers’ purchasing decisions. Due to these factors, we often must devote greater sales support to certain enterprise customers, which increases our costs and time required, without assurance that potential customers will ultimately purchase our solutions. We also may be required to devote more resources to implementation, which increases our costs, without assurance that customers receiving these services will renew at the same level or at all. Additionally, our revenue from enterprise customers may be affected by seasonality in sales cycles, extended collection cycles, potential deferral of revenue, and alternative licensing arrangements. We expect to see these impacts increase as we grow our enterprise sales motion. An increase in enterprise sales contracts could also increase our number of or mix of multi-year sales contracts, which can also have an impact on our revenue cycles. Additionally, our existing and future pricing and packaging strategies for enterprise and other customers for our existing and future service offerings may not be accepted by customers. For example, we offer certain apps and agents in purchasable Collections and we have limited experience with determining the optimal pricing and terms for such packaging. Our adoption of, or failure to adopt, changes to our pricing and packaging strategies, as well as the timing and manner of such changes, may harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

In recent years, we have focused on strategically growing our sales force to expand and deepen our relationships with our existing customers, particularly large enterprises. As our sales force develops, we may encounter challenges in identifying, recruiting, training, and retaining a qualified sales force, and we expect this growth to require significant time, expense, and attention. Expanding our sales infrastructure also has impacts on our cost structure and results of operations, and we may have to reduce other expenses, such as our research and development expenses, in order to accommodate a corresponding increase in marketing and sales expenses and maintain positive free cash flow. As our sales teams grow, we may face increased costs, longer sales cycles, greater competition and less predictability in completing our sales. For enterprise customers, the evaluation process may be longer and more involved, and require us to invest more in educating our customers about our products, services, and solutions, particularly because the decision to use our products, services, and solutions is often an enterprise-wide decision. We may be required to submit more robust proposals, participate in extended proof-of-concept evaluation cycles and engage in more extensive contract negotiations. In addition, our enterprise customers often demand more complex configurations and additional integration services and product features. Adverse macroeconomic conditions have caused, and may cause in the future, delays in our enterprise customers’ purchasing decisions. Due to these factors, we often must devote greater sales support to certain enterprise customers, which increases our costs and time required to complete a sale, without assurance that potential customers will ultimately purchase our solutions. We also may be required to devote more services resources to implementation, which increases our costs, without assurance that customers receiving these services will renew or renew at the same level. Since the sales cycles for our enterprise offerings are multi-phased and complex, it is often unpredictable when a given sales cycle will close. Our revenue from enterprise customers may be affected by longer-than-expected sales and 21 21 21 implementation cycles, extended collection cycles, potential deferral of revenue, and alternative licensing arrangements.

Our ability to attract new customers and retain and increase revenue from existing customers depends in large part on our ability to enhance and improve our existing offerings and to introduce and package compelling new 17 17 17 apps or agents that reflect the changing nature of our markets. The success of any enhancement to our offerings depends on several factors, including timely completion and delivery, competitive pricing, adequate quality testing, integration with existing technologies and our platform, and overall market acceptance. Any new apps or agents that we develop may not be introduced in a timely or cost-effective manner, may contain bugs or other defects, or may not achieve the market acceptance necessary to generate significant revenue. The markets for our offerings are subject to rapid technological change, evolving industry standards, and changing regulations, as well as changing customer needs, requirements, and preferences. These are all uncertain and we cannot predict the consequences, effects, or introduction of new, disruptive, emerging technologies or the manner and pace at which our markets develop over time, and our ability to compete in these markets depends on predicting and adapting to these changing circumstances. The success of our business will depend, in part, on our ability to adapt and respond effectively to these changes on a timely basis, and anticipating these factors requires that we allocate significant resources without any guarantee that any such investments and efforts will result in initial or enhanced adoption of our offerings in the marketplace. For example, with the development of next-generation solutions, including AI solutions, we have and expect to continue to commit significant resources to developing new AI apps and agents and other enhancements incorporating AI, and there is no guarantee that our investments and efforts will result in wider adoption of our offerings in the marketplace. If new technologies emerge that can deliver competitive products and services at lower prices, more efficiently, more reliably, more conveniently or more securely or if new products are introduced into the market that could render any of our existing offerings obsolete, such technologies and products could adversely impact our ability to compete effectively and may lead to customers reducing or terminating their usage of our offerings. If we are unable to successfully develop new apps and agents, enhance our existing offerings to meet customer requirements, or otherwise gain market acceptance, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be harmed.

Our ability to attract new customers and retain and increase revenue from existing customers depends in large part on our ability to enhance and improve our existing products and to introduce compelling new products that reflect the changing nature of our markets. The success of any enhancement to our products depends on several factors, including timely completion and delivery, competitive pricing, adequate quality testing, integration with existing technologies and our platform, and overall market acceptance. Any new product that we develop may not be introduced in a timely or cost-effective manner, may contain bugs, or may not achieve the market acceptance necessary to generate significant revenue. The markets for our products are subject to rapid technological change, evolving industry standards, and changing regulations, as well as changing customer needs, requirements and preferences. These are all uncertain and we cannot predict the consequences, effects, or introduction of new, disruptive, emerging technologies or the manner and pace at which our markets develop over time, and our ability to compete in these markets depends on predicting and adapting to these changing circumstances. The success of our business will depend, in part, on our ability to adapt and respond effectively to these changes on a timely basis, and anticipating these factors requires that we allocate significant resources without any guarantee that any such investments and efforts will result in initial or enhanced adoption of our products in the marketplace. For example, with the development of next-generation solutions that utilize new and advanced features, including AI and machine learning, we have and expect to continue to commit significant resources to developing new products and enhancements incorporating AI and machine learning, and there is no guarantee that our investments and efforts will result in wider adoption of our products in the marketplace. If new technologies emerge that can deliver competitive products and services at lower prices, more efficiently, more reliably, more conveniently or more securely or if new products are introduced into the market that could render our existing products obsolete, such technologies and products could adversely impact our ability to compete effectively and may lead to customers reducing or terminating their usage of our products. If we are unable to successfully develop new products, enhance our existing products to meet customer requirements, or otherwise gain market acceptance, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be harmed. 19 19 19

While a substantial majority of our business was historically generated from customers using Server products, which are no longer available, and Data Center products, over time, our Cloud offerings have become more central to our distribution model. We expect this trend to continue in the future. We are directing a significant portion of our financial and operating resources to implement robust Cloud offerings and to migrate our existing customers to our Cloud offerings, and this transition is affecting and will continue to affect our results of operations, revenue recognition practices, and financial condition. For example, due to the higher fees associated with hosting our Cloud infrastructure, we have and expect to continue to see increased expenses and lower margins as customers transition to Cloud. Our strategy to provide our AI tools at no or low cost to the majority of our Cloud customers may further increase these hosting costs without corresponding revenue increases. Revenues recognized from our Cloud offerings are also typically lower in the initial year compared to our Data Center offerings, which may impact our near-term revenue growth rates and margins. We may also be subject to additional competitive and pricing pressures for our Cloud offerings compared to our Data Center offerings, which could harm our business. In our migration from Server, we offered discounts to certain of our enterprise-level Server customers as an incentive, which impacted our near-term revenue growth, and we may offer similar discounts in the future. If our Data Center customers do not migrate to our Cloud offerings in the future or migrate more slowly than we anticipate, our revenue growth and profitability may be negatively impacted. If our Cloud offerings do not develop at the rate as we expect, if we are unable to continue to scale our systems to meet the requirements of successful, large Cloud offerings, or if we lose customers currently using our Data Center products due to our increased focus on our Cloud offerings, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed.

We currently offer and sell both Data Center and Cloud offerings of certain of our products. For these products, our Cloud offering enables quick setup and subscription pricing, while our Data Center offering permits more customization, a term license fee structure, and complete application control. Although a substantial majority of our revenue was historically generated from customers using our Server and Data Center products, over time our customers have moved and we expect them to continue to move to our Cloud offerings, resulting in our Cloud offerings becoming more central to our distribution model. As a part of this transition, we ceased sales of new perpetual licenses for our Server products in February 2021 and, subject to limited exceptions, ended maintenance and support for Server products in February 2024. We may be subject to additional competitive and pricing pressures for our Cloud offerings compared to our Data Center offerings, which could harm our business. Further, revenues from our Cloud offerings are typically lower in the initial year compared to our Data Center offerings, which may impact our near-term revenue growth rates and margins, and we incur higher or additional costs to supply our Cloud offerings, such as fees associated with hosting our cloud infrastructure. We have and expect to continue to see increased expenses and lower margins due such hosting costs increasing in this transition. Additionally, we offered discounts to certain of our enterprise-level Server customers to incentivize migration to our Cloud offerings, which impacted our near-term revenue growth. If our remaining Server customers did not transition to our Cloud or Data Center offerings, or if our Data Center customers do not migrate to our Cloud offerings, our revenue growth rates and profitability may be negatively impacted. If our Cloud offerings do not develop as quickly as we expect, if we are unable to continue to scale our systems to meet the requirements of successful, large Cloud offerings, or if we lose customers currently 18 18 18 using our Data Center products due to our increased focus on our Cloud offerings or our inability to successfully migrate them to our Cloud products, our business could be harmed. We are directing a significant portion of our financial and operating resources to implement robust Cloud offerings for our products and to migrate our existing customers to our Cloud offerings, but even if we continue to make these investments, we may be unsuccessful in growing or implementing our Cloud offering that competes successfully against our current and future competitors and our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be harmed.

Large-scale international events in recent years, such as the geopolitical instability and war in regions including Ukraine and the Middle East and economic uncertainty regarding the imposition of and changes in trade policies (including trade wars, tariffs or other trade restrictions or the threat of such actions), have negatively impacted or may in the future negatively impact the global economy, including by disrupting global supply chains and creating volatility and disruption of financial markets. These impacts, as well as economic uncertainty from market, interest rate, and inflation volatility, have and may continue to cause us to experience decreased demand for our products and services, increases in our operating costs (including our labor costs), reduced liquidity, and limits on our ability to access credit or otherwise raise capital. The impact our customers or potential customers experience from global economic and geopolitical volatility adversely affects demand for our offerings. Our business depends on demand for business software applications generally and collaboration software solutions in particular. The market adoption of our products and our revenue is dependent on the number of users of our products. The continuing global economic and geopolitical volatility and uncertainty could cause customers to reduce the number of personnel providing development or engineering services and decrease technology spending (including for software products). We may see declines in expected spending from new customers or renewals and reductions in paid seats from existing customers. There may also be negative impacts to collections of accounts receivable. Some customers, particularly our small- and medium-sized customers, may reduce or delay spending, request extended payment terms or concessions, or even file for bankruptcy protection or go out of business. We may also experience elongated sales cycles, budget cuts and freezes, delays in project implementation, and increased pricing pressure from our enterprise or larger-sized customers. Any of these impacts could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition, and also negatively impact our ability to forecast our future results. The extent to which global economic and geopolitical factors ultimately impact our business, results of operations, and financial position will depend on future developments, which are uncertain and cannot be fully predicted at this time. We have seen revenue growth from existing customers moderate and have experienced volatility in the trading prices for our Class A Common Stock; such volatility may continue in the long term. Any sustained adverse impacts from these and other macroeconomic events could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results, and earnings guidance that we may issue from time to time, which could have a material effect on the value of our Class A Common Stock. They could also heighten many of the other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section. 15 15 15

Large-scale international events in recent years, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical instability and war in regions including Ukraine and the Middle East, have negatively impacted the global economy, disrupted global supply chains, and created significant volatility and disruption of financial markets. There has also been historically high inflation, which caused the Federal Reserve to tighten monetary policy, including issuing a series of interest rate hikes. This has contributed to the failures of certain banking institutions and otherwise uncertain economic conditions. Our business depends on demand for business software applications generally and for collaboration software solutions in particular. The market adoption of our products and our revenue is dependent on the number of users of our products. The continuing global economic and geopolitical volatility has and may continue to cause us and our customers to experience decreased demand for our products and services, increases in our operating costs (including our labor costs), reduced liquidity, and limits on our ability to access credit or otherwise raise capital. They could reduce the number of personnel providing development or engineering services, decrease technology spending, including the purchasing of software products, adversely affect demand for our products, affect our ability to accurately forecast our future results, cause some of our paid customers or suppliers to file for bankruptcy protection or go out of business, impact expected spending from new customers or renewals, expansions or reductions in paid seats from existing customers, negatively impact collections of accounts receivable, result in elongated sales cycles, and otherwise harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition. In particular, we have revenue exposure to customers who are small- and medium-sized businesses. If these customers’ business operations and finances are negatively affected, they may not purchase or renew our products, may reduce or delay spending, or request extended payment terms or price concessions, which would negatively impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition. For example, rising interest rates and uncertain economic conditions have contributed to the failures of banking institutions, such as Silicon Valley Bank and First Republic Bank. While we have not had any direct exposure to failed banking institutions to date, if other banks and financial institutions enter receivership or become insolvent in the future in response to financial conditions affecting the banking system and financial markets, our ability or our customers’ ability to access existing cash, cash equivalents, and investments may be threatened and affect our customers’ ability to pay for our products and could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition. 15 15 15 The extent to which global economic and geopolitical factors ultimately impact our business, results of operations, and financial position will depend on future developments, which are uncertain and cannot be fully predicted at this time. As a result of recent events, we have seen the revenue growth from existing customers moderate and experienced volatility in the trading prices for our Class A Common Stock, and such volatility may continue in the long term. Any sustained adverse impacts from these and other recent macroeconomic events could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results, and earnings guidance that we may issue from time to time, which could have a material effect on the value of our Class A Common Stock. They could also heighten many of the other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section.

We derive a majority of our revenue from Jira, Confluence, and Jira Service Management. As such, the market acceptance of these apps and products is critical to our success. Demand for these and our other offerings is affected by a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, such as continued market acceptance of our offerings by customers for existing and new use cases, the timing of development and release of new apps, products, features, functionality, and lower cost alternatives introduced by our competitors, technological changes and developments within the markets we serve, and growth or contraction in our addressable markets. If we are unable to continue to meet customer demands or to achieve more widespread market acceptance of our offerings, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be harmed.

We derive a majority of our revenue from Jira and Confluence. As such, the market acceptance of these products is critical to our success. Demand for these products and our other products is affected by a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, such as continued market acceptance of our products by customers for existing and new use cases, the timing of development and release of new products, features, functionality and lower cost alternatives introduced by our competitors, technological changes and developments within the markets we serve, and growth or contraction in our addressable markets. If we are unable to continue to meet customer demands or to achieve more widespread market acceptance of our products, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be harmed.

The trading price of our Class A Common Stock is volatile, has fluctuated significantly in the past, and could continue to fluctuate significantly, regardless of our operating performance, in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including: •guidance regarding our operating results and other financial metrics that we provide to the public, differences between our guidance and market expectations, our failure to meet our guidance, any withdrawal of previous guidance or changes from our historical guidance; •changes in investor and analyst valuation models for our Class A Common Stock; •announcements of technological innovations, new applications or enhancements to services, acquisitions, strategic alliances, or significant agreements by us or by our competitors; 38 38 38 •disruptions in our services due to computer hardware, software, or network problems or any announcements related to security incidents; •announcements of customer additions and customer cancellations or delays in customer purchases; •recruitment or departure of key personnel; •the economy as a whole, political and regulatory uncertainty, and market conditions in our industry and the industries of our customers; •trading activity by directors, executive officers, and significant stockholders, or the perception in the market that the holders of a large number of shares intend to sell their shares; •any future issuances of our securities; and •any changes to our Share Repurchase Program (as defined below). Additionally, the stock markets have at times experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and may in the future affect the market prices of equity securities of many companies. These fluctuations have, in some cases, been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. Further, the trading prices of many technology companies have been particularly volatile and fluctuated in a manner unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. Large volatilities in the market price of our Class A Common Stock may subject us to securities class action litigation. For example, in February 2023, a purported securities class action complaint was filed against us and certain of our officers in U.S. federal court; this suit was dismissed in August 2024. Similar suits in the future could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention from other business concerns, which could harm our business.

The trading price of our Class A Common Stock is volatile, has fluctuated significantly in the past, and could continue to fluctuate significantly, regardless of our operating performance, in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including: •actual or anticipated fluctuations in our results of operations; •the financial projections we may provide to the public, any changes in these projections or our failure to meet these projections; •failure of securities analysts to initiate or maintain coverage of Atlassian, publication of inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, changes in financial estimates or ratings changes by any securities analysts who follow Atlassian or our failure to meet these estimates or the expectations of investors; •announcements by us or our competitors of significant technical innovations, new products, acquisitions, pricing changes, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments; •changes in operating performance and stock market valuations of other technology companies generally, or those in our industry in particular; •price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market from time to time, including as a result of trends in the economy as a whole; •actual or anticipated developments in our business or our competitors’ businesses or the competitive landscape generally; •developments or disputes concerning our intellectual property or our products, or third-party proprietary rights; •changes in accounting standards, policies, guidelines, interpretations or principles; •new laws or regulations, new interpretations of existing laws, or the new application of existing regulations to our business; •major changes to our board of directors or management; •additional shares of Class A Common Stock being sold into the market by us or our existing stockholders or the anticipation of such sales; •the existence of our program to repurchase up to $1.0 billion of our outstanding Class A Common Stock (the “Share Repurchase Program”) and purchases made pursuant to that program or any failure to repurchase shares as planned, including failure to meet expectations around the timing, price or amount of share repurchases, and any reduction, suspension or termination of our Share Repurchase Program; •cyber-security and privacy breaches; •lawsuits threatened or filed against us; •general economic conditions and macroeconomic factors, such as inflationary pressures, recession or financial institution instability; and •other events or factors, including those resulting from geopolitical risks, natural disasters, climate change, diseases and pandemics, or incidents of terrorism or war, such as in the Middle East and Ukraine, as well as responses to any of these events In addition, the stock markets, and in particular the market on which our Class A Common Stock is listed, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many technology companies. Stock prices of many technology companies have fluctuated in a manner unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In the past, stockholders have instituted securities class action litigation following periods of market volatility. In February 2023, a purported securities class action complaint was filed against us and certain of our officers in U.S. federal court. Our 38 38 38 involvement in this or other securities litigation could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from operating our business, and harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our business model for low-touch customers is based in part on attracting a high volume of customers through free trials, limited free versions, and affordable starter licenses. For example, we have traditionally offered entry-level or free pricing for certain offerings to small teams at a price that typically does not require capital budget approval and that is orders-of-magnitude less than the price of traditional enterprise software. This approach is intended to drive trial, adoption, and initial expansion organically within organizations, through low-touch customer service, high product quality, and transparent pricing arrangements. However, if users do not perceive sufficient value in upgrading from free or entry-level offerings or if users do not become, or influence others to become, paying customers, we may not realize the intended benefits of this strategy. Any decrease in our customers’ satisfaction with our offerings, either as a result of our own actions or due to factors outside of our control, could also harm word-of-mouth referrals and our brand. Historically, a majority of users do not convert from free trials or limited free versions to paid apps or products, and our strategy also relies on these users influencing broader adoption within their organizations. Additionally, we have historically increased and will continue to increase prices from time to time, which may also hurt the efficacy of this strategy. Our ability to compete may be adversely affected as competitors introduce lower-cost or free alternatives, making it more difficult to acquire new customers. Some customers may also view our offerings as discretionary purchases, which can reduce demand, especially during periods of economic uncertainty. If we are unable to sell our software in high volume, or if our free trial and affordable pricing strategies do not result in sufficient conversion to paid customers, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be harmed. 19 19 19

Our business model is based in part on selling our products at prices lower than competing products from other commercial vendors. For example, we offer entry-level or free pricing for certain products for small teams at a price that typically does not require capital budget approval and is orders-of-magnitude less than the price of traditional enterprise software. As a result, our software is frequently purchased by first-time customers to solve specific problems and not as part of a strategic technology purchasing decision. We have historically increased, and will continue to increase, prices from time to time. As competitors enter the market with low cost or free alternatives to our products, it may become increasingly difficult for us to compete effectively and our ability to garner new customers could be harmed. Additionally, some customers may consider our products to be discretionary purchases, which may contribute to reduced demand for our offerings in times of economic uncertainty, inflation and interest rate increases. If we are unable to sell our software in high volume, across new and existing customers, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed.